1. National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Computer Security – The New Threats Stephen Lau NERSC Center Division, LBNL June 24, 2004

2. Overview New Threats Identity Theft Email scams and viruses Grid Security Combating Threats

3. New Threats Threats are evolving –Response to protection measures Increased use of encryption Deployment of anti-virus –Increased use of social engineering Security has become everybody’s responsibility Important Defenses –Host level protection –User education

4. Identity Theft Someone uses your login credentials without your knowledge Very difficult for system admins to detect –They look like you! Feeds off of collaborative nature of high performance computing –Users have multiple accounts on massively shared systems

5. SSH Basic Overview Uses private/public keys Encrypted authentication Uses passphrase Home System Remote System Remote System Private Key Public Key Public Key

6. How Does It Happen? Internal System Unsuspecting User Attacker Sniffed Traffic Compromised Host Internet Imposter Home System

7. Combating Identity Theft Reduce amount of stepping stone behavior –Not always possible Be mindful of login times and hostnames Don’t share accounts and passwords Don’t place private keys and certificates on public systems or public directories Report suspicious behavior

8. Encrypt All The Way! Home System NERSC Remote System SSH Telnet rlogin rsh SSH Use SSH across ALL connections

9. One Time Passwords Token based system –Many systems available Many sites pushing ahead with deployment NERSC actively investigating impact on users –Ideally, one token works across multi-labs –No active plans for deployment yet within NERSC Not a cure-all solution!

10. Email Viruses NERSC has a virus filter for email –About 90% effective –Time lag between release of virus and signature development Install anti-virus software on systems you use –Many sites have site licenses –Make sure it is kept up to date

11. Email Hoaxes aka Phishing Email poses as “Security Patch” or “Account Support” –Asks for username/password for “verification” –Requests that an attachment be run Verify any attachment you are not expecting NEVER give out your username/password. When in doubt, please call NERSC support for verification

12. Grid Security Protect your private certificates! –Be mindful where you place them –Minimize amount of distribution –Remove them from systems you no longer use Use strong passwords. Use SSH to access sites with your Grid certificates!

13. Host Level Protection Please keep your systems up to date –Especially home systems and shared systems Combats “identity theft” problem Install anti-virus software –Primarily on Windows systems Be aware of unexplained changes on your system –Odd performance –Strange windows appearing –System files changed unexpectedly authorized_hosts file changes Changes to /etc/password or /etc/shadow

14. User Education You are the first line of defense against incidents. Take advantage of your site’s security training Keep up to date about latest security news Be mindful of security when accessing or using systems

15. Help Us Help You Report “suspicious activity” –Strange files or directories –Unusual login times –Unverified phone call from “NERSC” asking for passwords or account information Report external incidents –Please report any incidents at sites that you use to access NERSC Report incidents where you suspect credentials are sniffed or stolen

16. Help Us Help You Many incidents quickly become multi-site incidents. Communication is key to containment. Please report any incidents that you think might affect NERSC.

17. Contact Information Stephen Lau –1 Cyclotron Road, M/S 943 –Berkeley, CA 94720 –Phone: +1 (510) 486-7178 –Email: slau@lbl.gov –PGP: 44C8 C9CB C15E 2AE1 7B0A 544E 9A04 AB2B F63F 748B NERSC Computer Security –security@nersc.gov –1-800-666-3772 –http://www.nersc.gov/nusers/security/