1. Why Bother Building Versailles? Symbolic expression of France’s power Sun King/Louis Vanity Contained the wealth of the country within the Throne, not the nobles

2. “I am the Senate!”

3. Effects of Louis’ Wars Pros Art Literature State’s Power Military (?) Cons Debt Taxes Power Abuse Military (?)

4. “I am the LAW!”

5. Thirty Years War Who: Protestant Union and Catholic League When: 1618 – 1648 1. Ferdinand – Total War (Pillage/Plunder) gave the edge to the Habsburgs 2. Richelieu/Mazarin – Fearful of Habsburgs more than of Protestants, their aid of French Military turned the tides of war in 1635 and ultimately destroyed Modern day Germany

6. Peace of Westphalia When: 1648 Death toll: Germanic states from 20 mil to 16 mil French Motivations: Religious or Political? Consequences: 1.Ended Religious Wars in Europe 2.New Peace Negotiations 3.Strengthened France/ Weakened Germany 4.Ended Holy Roman Empire’s Rule 5.Began modern state system

7. Central Europe Contrast Central/Western Laws prohibited the development of cosmopolitan urban centers necessary to foster capitalist/mercantalist economies. Serfs in Central Europe grew staple/cash crops vital to sustain urban centers in Western Europe

8. Central European States Poland – Opposite of France – Nobles elected King – Restricted his power Ottoman/H.R.E. – Both in decline – 30 years War hurt power – H.R.E – no more control over Germanic States

9. House of Hapsburg and Maria Theresa The Hapsburg Family, upon coming to power removed Protestants from Austria Instated new royalty loyal to their throne Created a standing army By 1699, they had taken Hungary from Ottomans Austria, Hungary, Bohemian crowns united under Charles VI To keep unified state Charles VI ensured that other European families would recognize his heir – Maria Theresa – Successful?

10. Serfdom