1. Physical Science
Ch 5 Periodic Table

2. Standards
Relate properties of atoms and their position in the periodic table to the arrangement of their electrons.
Differentiate among conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.
Describe how scientific inferences are drawn from scientific observations & provide examples.
Discuss effects of technology on environmental quality.
Predict human impact on environmental systems .
Weigh alternative strategies for solving specific societal problems by comparing human, economic, and environmental aspects.

3. Chapter assignments from the book:
139/26-28
140/1-8
150/107
155/1-8
164/1-4

4. Mendeleev Placed elements in order by mass
Elements with similar properties were in the same column
His periodic table could be used to predict properties of newly discovered elements
He predicted an unknown element would have properties similar to aluminum and called it eka-aluminum

6. The Periodic Table of the Elements is a way to arrange the elements to show a large amount of information and organization.
The Periodic Table is NOW arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

7. Periodic Table Organization
As you read across the chart from right to left, a row of elements is a Period.
As you read down the chart from top to bottom, a column of elements is a Group or Family
Elements in a column have similar properties

8. Group IA
alkali metals
Group IIA
alkaline earth
Metals
Group IIIB-IIB
transition metals
Inner Transition
Lanthanide Series - also called the rare earth elements.
Actinide Series

9. Group VIIIA noble gases. or inert gases. Group VIIA -. halogens
Group VIIIA noble gases or inert gases Group VIIA halogens Bright Green nonmetals Purple metalloids or semiconductors Light Blue - other metals

10. In the periodic table A set of properties repeats from row to row
The atomic number increases from left to right
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element
The atomic number is equal to the number of electrons when an atom is neutral

11. http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm Periodic Table of the elements
Los Alamos

12. Atomic Mass - the mass of one mole of an atom. (One mole is 6
Atomic Mass - the mass of one mole of an atom. (One mole is 6.02 x 1023 atoms)
Mass Number (the atomic mass number rounded) - the total amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Example: Tantalum, atomic # 73
is the atomic mass
181 is the p+n total
Subtract 73 p and it has 108 neutrons
Now you try with Zinc
65.39  65P+N - 30P = 35N

13. Electrons Are found in energy levels (or orbitals) around the nucleus.
The period an element is in indicates how many energy levels in which an atom has electrons (see long periodic chart given to you)
Ca has
Al has

14. Energy Level # of orbitals Max # of e’s1
1 (En. Lev. Squared) S
2 (2 x # of orbitals) 2 P 8 3 D 18 4 F 32

15. Atomic Mass
The weighted average of the masses of an element’s isotopes found in nature.
Atomic mass unit - one twelfth of the mass of a carbon -12 atom (Carbon – 12 is the Standard Mass)
The unit is an amu (1/12 of the mass of C-12.)

16. Reactivity Patterns
Reactivity is closely related to the number of VALENCE electrons in the atoms of an element.
Most reactive metal group is IA with 1 valence e
Most reactive nonmetal group is VIIA with 7 valence e’s
On the metal side of the Periodic Chart, going down a group, the elements get more reactive. Cs > Na (This is determined by how they behave when placed in water)
On the nonmetal side, going up, the elements get more reactive. F > At

17. Most reactive NonMetals
Highly reactive elements are stored in containers containing oils or argon
Reactive metals EASILY lose valence electrons (1 or 2 to have 8 in outer E level)
Reactive nonmentals EASILY take valence electrons (to have 8 in outer E level.
Most Reactive Metals

18. More on Reactivity Examples:
Ge would be a better electrical conductor that Se (Ge more metallic than Se)
Two highly reactive elements in Period 3 are the metal Na and the nonmetal Cl

19. Most metals are… Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable
Ductile

20. Most nonmetals are…
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle

21. Etc. Some highly reactive metals are stored in argon
Sodium is found in nature only in compounds (highly reactive)
Carbon is found in most compounds in your body except water