1. RNA Viruses
of Animals

2. Viral Classification Taxonomy Order (-viridae) Family (-viridae)
Subfamily (-virinae)
Genus (-virus)
Species
Group
III (ds)
IV (+ss)
V (-ss)

3. RNA Virions Cytoplasm: Helical capsid Most enveloped with spikes NA
Replication
Biosynthesis
Helical capsid
Most enveloped with spikes NA
Double sense
Single sense (+ / -)
2 single sense (+)

5. Viral Entry into Cells

7. Group III: dsRNA Reoviridae

8. REOVIRIDAE REO=Respiratory Enteric Orphan Virus Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
RNA ds
Segmented
Human Diseases
Rotavirus
Coltivirus

9. Rotavirus World wide infection Fecal-oral spread Incubation: 1-3 days
Diarrhea
Children
Diagnosis
ELISA
Latex Agglutination
Prevention
Hygiene
Water sanitation

10. Coltivirus Colorado Tick Fever Disease Tick vector Rodent reservoir
Acute
Myalgia
Photophobia
Rash
Hemorrhage
Tick vector
Rodent reservoir

11. RNA ss (+); (-); & retro-

12. Group IV: +ssRNA nonenveloped
Picornavirus
Rhinovirus
Enterovirus
Hepatovirus
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
Hepevirus

13. Hepevirus (formerly calcivirus)
+ss RNA
nonenveloped
Icosahedral
Fecal-oral
Domestic pig reservoir
Developing countries/sanitation
Hepatitis E
(enteric hepatitis)

14. ASTROVIRIDAE Astro = Star Nonenveloped +ssRNA 7 Human Serotypes
Diarrhea
Treatment
Supportive

15. CALICIVIRIDAE Calicus Non-enveloped Icosahedral Linear ss + RNA
Cup shaped
Indentations
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
Linear ss + RNA
Human Diseases
Norwalk Virus
(Norovirus)

16. Calicivirus Norwalk Virus Summer diarrhea Epidemic Gastroenteritis V/D
Institutions
ID virus in stool
90% of viral diarrheas

18. PICORNAVIRIDAE Pico = small Nonenveloped Icosahedral RNA + ss
Human Diseases
Enterovirus
Polio
Coxsackie A , B
ECHO
Rhinovirus
Hepatovirus

20. Rhinovirus Common cold virus: 50% Transmission: inhalation
Incubation: 1-3 days
Symptoms
Sore throat
Mucopurulent nasal discharge
Complications
predispose to secondary bacterial infections

21. Hepatovirus: Hepatitis A
Infectious Hepatitis
Milder disease than Hepatitis B
No chronic form
Fecal-oral
Incubation: 2-5 weeks
Virus excreted in stool
Resistant to disinfection
Dx: IgM

22. Enterovirus Disease Groups Fecal-oral Cytolytic Poliovirus
Coxsackie A, B
Echovirus
Fecal-oral
Cytolytic
GI mucosa
Lymphatic tissue

23. Echovirus ECHO= Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan Fecal-oral route
Disease
Meningitis
Paralysis
URTI
Myocarditis
Fever
Rashes
Orchitis

24. Coxsackie A and B Fecal-oral Disease Coxsackie A Coxsackie B
Skin Rashes
Herpangina
Mouth
Pharynx
Hand/Foot/Mouth
Conjunctivitis
+/- DM Type I cause
Coxsackie B
Myocarditis
Meningitis
URTI
Paralysis

25. Poliomyelitis 3 serotypes (Type 1 disease) Transmission: fecal-oral
Throat ->LN->Ileum->Blood-> CNS
Phases
Asymptomatic: 90%
Minor Polio
Non-paralytic
Paralytic: 2-3%, causes 75% of paralysis
Dx: virus in feces, secretions
Prevention: Vaccine
Salk (IPV, killed)
Sabin (OPV, modified live)

26. Poliovirus
Bulbar
Poliomyelitis
Post Polio syndrome

28. Group IV:+ssRNA enveloped
Togavirus
Flavivirus
Coronavirus

29. CORONAVIRIDAE Corona = crown Enveloped Helical Linear RNA + ss
Respiratory droplet
Human Diseases
Common cold (20%)
SARS

30. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Respiratory Droplet
Direct
Indirect
2-10 day incubation
Cough->Pneumonia
Stable in environment for days
Dx: PCR
Tx: supportive
Prevention
avoid contact
disinfect

31. TOGAVIRIDAE Toga = coat Spiked envelope Icosahedral Linear ss+RNA
~Arthropod vector
Human diseases
Encephalitis
(VEE, WEE, EEE)
Rubella

32. Encephalitis: VEE, WEE, EEE
all
Rodent: VEE

33. Togavirus: Rubella Rubivirus Rubella German Measles
Respiratory Droplet
2-3 week incubation
Rash: 3 days
Facial
Spreads to body
Changes hourly
Complications
Adults
Arthritis
Encephalitis
Congenital defects
Nervous
Heart
Blindness
Prevention: MMR
Rubivirus

34. FLAVIVIRIDAE Flavus = yellow Enveloped Helical Linear RNA ss +
Human Diseases
Hepatitis
Encephalitis
Hemorrhagic Fever

35. Flavivirus Hepatitis C Endemic Parental 6-8 week incubation Mild form
HCV
Non A non B
Endemic
Parental
Blood
Needles
Organs
6-8 week incubation
Mild form
Chronic
Cancer
Liver failure
Dx:IgG, PCR
Tx: Interferon

36. Flaviviridae Hepatitis Yellow Fever Hepatitis G Acute Persistent
Liver / GI
Kidneys
Heart
Hepatitis G
Acute
Persistent
Co-infection with Hepatitis C
Parental: blood
Encephalitis
Japanese Complex
Russian spring/summer
St. Louis
Acute
Inflammatory
Vector: mosquito
4-21 days incubation

37. Flavivirus Encephalitis

38. Flavivirus West Nile Virus Acute Febrile Hemorrhagic Vector: mosquito
3-14 days incubation
Dx: IgM, ELISA
Tx: Supportive

39. Flavivirus: Dengue Fever
Tropical
Aedes mosquito
Disease syndromes
Breakbone fever
Rash
Myalgia
Hemorrhagic fever
Reinfection
Hyperimmune response

40. Group V: -ssRNA enveloped, segmented
Bunyvirus
Orthomyxovirus
Arenavirus

41. ARENAVIRIDAE Arenosus = sand (ribosomes) Enveloped Helical
Segmented linear ss- RNA
Rodent reservoir
Human Disease
Hemorrhagic fever
Old world
Lassa
Sabia
Junin
Lymphocytic choriomenigitis (LCM)
New world arenavirus

42. Arenavirus Hepatitis D Delta Agent Defective Incomplete ss RNA
Viroid
Co-infection with HepB
Satellite virus
Enveloped
Body fluid spread

43. BUNYAVIRIDAE Named after location of first viral isolation
Spiked, enveloped
Helical
Circular ss-RNA
Human Disease
Arborvirus
Encephalitis
Respiratory
Hemorrhagic Fever
Rodent
Hanta Virus

44. Bunyavirus Hanta virus Adult Respiratory Disease 1-3 weeks incubation
Transmission: deer mice
Symptoms
SOB
N/V
pain
Tx: supportive
Prevention: rodent control, disinfect

45. ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE Myxo = mucus Spiked envelope Helical capsidHA
hemaggluttinin
attach
Antigen number NA
neuraminidase
through mucus
antigen number
Helical capsid
8 Segmented linear ss-RNA
Human Diseases
Influenza A
Influenza B

46. -ssRNA

47. Orthomyxovirus Influenza Influenza Treatments Inhibit Neuraminidase
Range of symptoms from mild to severe
Droplet
Direct
Indirect
1-3 days incubation
Reservoir: Humans
Treatments
Vaccination
Drugs
Complications
Recombinant due to segmented RNA
Secondary bacterial infections
Viral super infection with Adenovirus
Influenza Treatments
Inhibit Neuraminidase
Relenza (IN)
Tamiflu (PO)

48. Antigenic drift: HA/NA mutations
Antigenic shift: genetic reassortment

49. Influenza Pandemics

51. Group V: -ssRNA enveloped, nonsegmented
Paramyxovirus
Morbillivirus
Parainfluenza
Rubella
RSV
Nipahavirus
Rhabdovirus
Filovirus

52. PARAMYXOVIRIDAE Similar to Orthomyxoviruses Spiked Envelope HelicalHA NA
Fusion (F protein)
Helical
Segmented linear ss – RNA
Human Diseases
Respiratory
Epithelial

53. Paramyxovirus : Respiratory
Parainfluenza
4 types (HPIV)
Pediatric infection
Symptoms
Fever
Coryza
Barking cough (Croup)
Airway obstruction
Droplet
Tx: supportive

54. Paramyxovirus :Respiratory
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Infants
Pneumonia
lower airways
Alveoli damaged
Symptoms
Cold like
Fever
Coryza
Cough
Wheeze
Dsypnea
Droplet
Tx: supportive

55. Paramyxovirus: Epithelial
Mumps
Glandular (Parotiditis)
Droplet transmission
21 day incubation
Inflammation
Complications
Encephalitis
Orchitis
Nephritis
Pancreatitis
Arthritis
IgM
Tx: symptomatic
Prevention: MMR
Rubulavirus

56. Mumps Pathogenesis

57. Paramyxovirus: Epithelial
Measles (Rubeola)
Epithelial mucosal linings
Skin -> rash
Respiratory GI
Complications
Panencephalitis
Conjunctivitis
Droplet transmission
10-12 days incubation
Desquamation
Highly infectious
Tx: symptomatic
Prevention: MMR
Morbillivirus

58. RHABDOVIRIDAE Rhabdo = rod like Spiked, enveloped Helical -ssRNA
Hemagglutin
Helical
-ssRNA
Human Disease
Vesicular Stomatitis
Rabies

59. Rhabdovirus Lyssa virus Tx: IgG Prevention: vaccination Rabies
Encephalitis
Direct
3-8 weeks incubation
Replication
Local
CNS
Salivary
Reservoir
Bats
K-9 / coyotes / foxes
Racoons
Skunks
Clinical
Furious
Dumb
Tx: IgG
Prevention: vaccination

60. FILOVIRIDAE Filo = filamentous Spiked, enveloped Helical
Linear ss – RNA
Pleomorphic shape
Filament, branched, U-shape, Circular
Gp epithelial receptors
Human Disease
Acute Hemorrhagic fevers
Marburg Virus
Ebola Virus

61. Marburg Fruit bat/green monkey Africa (Germany isolated
Body fluid spread
3-9 day incubation
Course
Rash
Gi inflammation
Liver failure
Pancreatitis
Hemorrhageshock
MODSDeath

63. Ebola virus Africa Direct contact Acute hemorrhagic fever
4-16 day incubation
Symptoms
Fever
V/D
Rash
Hemorrhage from all open body cavities
Death due to shock from fluid and blood loss

64. RETROVIRIDAE Retro = reverse RNA dependent DNA polymerase (RT)
Spiked envelope
polyhedral
2 linear +ssRNA (diploid virus)
Enzymes
Reverse transcriptase
Protease
Integrase
Human Diseases
Deltaretrovirus HTLV: leukemia
Lentivirus HIV: AIDS

65. Retroviridae Human T-Lymphocytic Virus (HTLV-1) Adult T cell Leukemia
Aggressive Tumor
Latent
Infiltrates
Skin
brain
Transmission
Horizontal
Blood
Sexual Intercourse
Vertical
Breast milk

66. Retroviridae Human T-Lymphocytic Virus (HTLV-2) B-Lymphocytes
Hairy cell leukemia
Slow growing
Middle aged men
Type of CLL
Signs
Bruising/bleeding
Swollen LN
Fatigue
Fevers

67. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

69. Ecological Groups Oncoviruses Arboviruses Cancer causing DNA related
Arthropod borne viruses
Transmitted by
Insects
Mites
Ticks
Lice
Viral Families
Togavirus
Bunyaviridae
Rhabdovirus (some)
Arenavirus (some)
Reovirus (some)
Oncoviruses
Cancer causing
DNA related
Viral Families
Papovirus
Adenovirus
Parvovirus
Herpesvirus
Retrovirus

70. Zoonoses Disease that humans can acquire from animals Viral examples
Marburg (monkeys)
Pox (cow pox, pseudo-cowpox, monkey pox)
Rabies (warm blooded mammals)
Influenza A
Lassa (rodents, bats)
Hanta virus: pulmonary (rodents)

71. Viral Vaccines Live / Attenuated Killed / Viral Protein Measles Mumps
Rubella
Polio (oral)
Yellow Fever
VZV
Killed / Viral Protein
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Rabies
Polio (Salk)

72. Antiviral Chemotherapy
Inhibits Viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Herpes
Inhibits DNA replication and transcription
Interferes with penetration or viral uncoating
Influenza A
Inhibits translation of late mRNA
Smallpox
Inhibits reverse transcriptase
Aids
Inhibits Protein synthesis
Genital Warts

73. Questions?