1. Communicable Disease Temple College EMS Professions

2. Infectious Disease < Produced by invasion of body by 6 Bacteria 6 Viruses 6 Fungi 6 Other organisms

3. Communicable Disease < Infectious disease < Transmissible from one infected organism to another

4. Transmitted by: < Direct contact < Indirect contact < Airborne transmission < Vehicle transmission (food, water, needles) < Vector transmission (organisms)

5. Prevention < Maintain good personal health status < Regular physical exams

6. Prevention < Immunizations for: 6 Tetanus/diphtheria 6 Hepatitis B 6 Measles, mumps, rubella < TB skin test at least annually

7. Prevention < Consider immunizations for: 6 Influenza 6 Hepatitis A 6 Chicken pox

8. Prevention < Wash hands following patient contacts < Wear gloves when contact with human body fluids is anticipated < Wear face mask if patient has productive cough (or put mask on patient)

9. Prevention < Avoid needle stick (Do NOT recap needles) < Clean up blood spills quickly using bleach solution < Use disposable equipment

10. Tuberculosis

11. < Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) < Transmitted by droplets < Pulmonary TB - cough, infected sputum, hemoptysis, pleuritic pain)

12. Tuberculosis < Pulmonary TB Signs/Symptoms 6 Cough 6 Infected sputum 6 Hemoptysis 6 Pleuritic pain

13. Tuberculosis < Very low communicability, requires repeated exposure < Mask patients with active TB < Routine skin tests; follow-up on positive reactors

14. Viral Hepatitis

15. Hepatitis A < Fecal-oral contact < Children, young adults < Most infections subclinical or very mild < Does not cause chronic liver disease or carrier state

16. Hepatitis B < Parenteral transmission (blood, dirty needles) < Sexual transmission < Can cause liver failure, necrotic cirrhosis < Can cause carrier state

17. Viral Hepatitis < Signs/Symptoms 6 Anorexia 6 Malaise 6 Nausea, vomiting 6 Fever 6 Joint pain 6 Dark urine, jaundice

18. Viral Hepatitis < Vaccine, immune serum globulin available for both A and B

19. Meningitis

20. < Inflammation of membranes covering brain, spinal cord < Bacteria, viruses, fungi < Bacterial forms most serious

21. Bacterial Meningitis < Signs/Symptoms 6 Headache 6 Nausea 6 Fever 6 Stiff neck 6 Rapid progression to delirium, coma, seizures

22. Bacterial Meningitis < Neissera meningitidis 6 Petechiae 6 Ecchymosis 6 Septic shock

23. Bacterial Meningitis < Avoid contact with oral secretions < Not transmissible by breathing same air as patient < If close contact occurs, Rifampin 600mg bid  2d

24. HIV/AIDS

25. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) < Viral infection  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) < Damage to helper T cells suppresses immune system

26. AIDS < Recurring opportunistic infections 6 Pneumocystis carini pneumonia 6 Kaposi’s sarcoma 6 Candida albicans

27. HIV/AIDS < Transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal secretions < Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will not cause infection < Cannot be transmitted by casual contact < Wash hands, wear gloves, needle precautions