1. Vocabulary 11

2. refuse to say that you will not do or accept something →He asked me to give him another loan, but I refused. memorandum a short written report prepared specially for a person or group of people which contains information about a particular matter →My secretary sent the memorandum to the whole staff. outline the main shape or edge of something, without any details →She drew the outline of the boat and then colored it in.

3. duplicate to make an exact copy of something →Can you duplicate this document for me? insulation the act of protecting something with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity →Effective insulation can keep your house warm in winter. particular special, or this and not any other →She wanted a particular type of cactus.

4. assign to give a particular job or piece of work to someone →The case has been assigned to our most senior officer. vote to express your choice or opinion, especially by officially writing a mark on a paper or by raising your hand or speaking in a meeting →She was too young to vote in the national election. critical saying that someone or something is bad or wrong →The report is highly critical of safety standards at the factory.

5. expire If something which lasts for a fixed length of time expires, it comes to an end or stops being in use →Our television license expires next month. achievement something very good and difficult that you have succeeded in doing →An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so young. innovative using new methods or ideas →She was an imaginative and innovative manager.

6. oversee to watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly →As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company's advertising. conclusion the final part of something →I found the conclusion of the film rather irritating. fair treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable →It's not fair that she's allowed to go and I'm not!

7. respect admiration felt or shown for someone or something that you believe has good ideas or qualities →She is a formidable figure who commands a great deal of respect. enterprise an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money →Her latest enterprise is to climb Mount Everest. admission when you agree that something is true, especially unwillingly →I felt he would see my giving up now as an admission that I was wrong.

8. satisfactory good or good enough for a particular need or purpose →The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory. senior high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others →I have ten years' experience at senior management level. suburban relating to a suburb →They live in suburban Washington.

9. personality the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel and think →She has a very warm personality. domestic relating to a person's own country →Domestic opinion had turned against the war. suspend to stop or to cause to be not active, either temporarily or permanently →The ferry service has been suspended for the day because of bad weather.

10. regret to feel sorry about something you have done or about something that you have not been able to do →If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it. coverage the reporting of a particular important event or subject →What did you think of the BBC's election coverage? commit to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong →He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't commit.

11. interfere to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful →It's their problem and I'm not going to interfere. renovate to repair and improve something, especially a building →He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit. keynote the most important or most emphasized part of something →This issue has become the keynote of the election campaign.

12. substantial large in size, value or importance →The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. prospective expected to do something or to become something →We've had three sets of prospective buyers looking round the house. content pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement →He seems fairly content with life.

13. proof a fact or piece of information which shows that something exists or is true →Keep your receipt as proof of purchase. risk the possibility of something bad happening →There's a high risk of another accident happening in this fog. treat to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way →My parents treated us all the same when we were kids.

14. extensive covering a large area; having a great range →Her knowledge of music is extensive. pollution damage caused to water, air →The air pollution is a serious problem in Kaohsiung. commute to make the same journey regularly between work and home →It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day.

15. merge to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this →The country's two biggest banks are planning to merge.