1. Chapters 12.2 and 12.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE AND REDUCING WASTE

2. HAZARDOUS WASTES – 12.3 Contains at least one toxic compound Catches fire easily Reactive or explosive Corrodes metal containers

3. HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATION IN THE UNITED STATES Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund) – NJ leads the nation in Superfund Sites, mostly thanks to Governor Christie Whitman (who ended up in charge of the EPA under George W. Bush) National Priority List Polluter-pays principle

4. California – 98 Pennsylvania - 96 SUPERFUND SITES – NJ HAS 113 AS OF 2013.

5. SUPERFUND IN BURLINGTON Cinnaminson Ground Water ContaminationCinnaminson Township Cosden Chemical Coating CorporationBeverly City Ellis PropertyEvesham Township Ewan PropertyShamong Township Fort Dix LandfillPemberton Township Kauffman & Minteer, Inc.Springfield Township Landfill & Development Company (L&D)Mount Holly Township Lang PropertyPemberton Township McGuire Air Force Base #1New Hanover Township Roebling SteelFlorence Township Woodland Township Route 532 DumpWoodland Township Woodland Township Route 72 DumpWoodland Township

6. THE LOVE CANAL STORY Love Canal was a waterway built in the 1800s next to Niagara Falls, NY. Hooker Chemical Company purchased the site and used it for a chemical dump 1942-53. Site was sold to local gov’t for $1. A housing development and school were constructed on the site in the 70s. Chemicals began seeping into basements. Housewife and resident Lois Gibbs brought problems to national attention in 1977. Some families moved right away, some cleanup done.

7. THE LOVE CANAL STORY Of remaining families, miscarriage rate 50% higher than normal. Of 17 pregnancies in 1979, 2 normal, 9 had birth defects, 2 still born, 4 miscarriages. In adults tested, nerve impulses slower, 30% had broken chromosomes. 1980, gov’t relocated everybody, started massive cleanup. 1990 cleanup done, new development called Black Creek Village opened. Houses cheap.

8. DEALING WITH HAZARDOUS WASTES

9. WHAT HARMFUL CHEMICALS ARE IN YOUR HOME? What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home? Cleaning Disinfectants Drain, toilet, and window cleaners Spot removers Septic tank, cleaners Paint Latex and oil-based paints Paint thinners, solvents, and strippers Stains, varnishes, and lacquers Wood preservatives Artist paints and inks General Dry cell batteries (mercury and cadmium) Glues and cements Gardening Pesticides Weed killers Ant and rodent killers Flea powders Automotive Gasoline Used motor oil Antifreeze Battery acid Solvents Brake and transmission fluid Rust inhibitor and rust remover

10. DETOXIFYING AND REMOVING WASTES Physical methods Chemical methods Bioremediation Phytoremediation Plasma incineration

11. DEEP-WELL DISPOSAL

12. HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILL

13. SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS: TRADE- OFFS

14. Chapter 12.2 DEALING WITH SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS

15. HOW CAN WE REDUCE OUR PRODUCTION OF SOLID WASTE? 3 options for dealing with solid waste problems (Aka – the 3 R’s): Producing less waste (Reduce) Changing the materials used in products (Reuse) Recycle

16. PRODUCING LESS WASTE - REDUCE Less waste – fewer/smaller landfills – less pollution How can we produce less waste? Manufacturers can produce less waste by redesigning products to use less material

17. REUSE Reusable bags for groceries Repurposing household items for other things

18. COMPOSTING – (REUSE) “recycling” yard material Yard waste is biodegradable and therefore can decompose naturally in a compost pile Bacteria break down the waste until it becomes compost – a dark crumbly material that is rich in nutrients

19. RECYCLING Saves energy, water and other resources After recycled materials are collected they are taken to a recycling center where they are sorted, cleaned, sorted again and made into new products.