1. Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 11 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Perspectives

2. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Factors that Influence Your Health Status Individual Influences Interpersonal, social, and work influences Environmental influences Health care system influences Community influences

3. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Indicators of Health in the U.S. Reduction in infant mortality Increased immunization rates Decreased teen pregnancy Decreased death rates from heart disease & stroke Decreased rates of substance use

4. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Indicators of Health in the U.S. (cont.) Increased prevalence of  Diabetes, chronic diseases, and obesity  Violence and abusive behavior  Undiagnosed & untreated mental illness Decreased physical activity Increased teen smoking

5. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Determinants of Health Biology Behavior Environment Access to health care Health policy

6. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Determinants of Health (cont.) Physical environment Social environment Access to quality health care Policies and interventions

7. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Healthy People 2010 Focus on health promotion and disease prevention Goal is to improve quality of life Multidisciplinary approach Community focus

8. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Health Promotion Individual and community efforts Shared responsibility Collaboration

9. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Leading Health Indicators Physical activity Overweight and obesity Tobacco use Substance abuse Responsible sexual behavior

10. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Leading Health Indicators Mental health Injury and violence Environmental quality Immunization Access to health care

11. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 What is health? Adaptation Self-actualization State of being Process of evolving

12. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Neuman Systems Model Client Environment Nursing Health Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

13. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Mutual Connectedness Model (Schubert & Lionberger) Focus on wellness and health promotion Health as an integration of body, mind, spirit Harmonious interrelationship Wholeness Aspects – physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual

14. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Model of Health: Interrelatedness of Caring and Consciousness Caring Environment  Emotional  Mental  Spiritual  Physical  Consciousness

15. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Aspects of Health and Multidimensional Needs Affecting Health Behavior Choice Physical Emotional Mental Spiritual

16. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Pender’s Health Promotion Model What motivates individuals to engage in health promotion? Health is “the actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others while adjustments are made as needed to maintain structural integrity and harmony with relevant environments” (Pender, 1996, p. 22)

17. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Pender’s Health Promotion Model Health behaviors Wellness Health promotion Health protection

18. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Components of Pender’s Health Promotion Model Individual characteristics and experiences Behavior-specific cognitions and affect Behavioral outcome

19. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Wellness Model (Travis & Ryan) Continuum of health Illness – wellness continuum Wellness-oriented care Focus on awareness, education, and growth

20. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Wellness-Illness Continuum

21. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Five Stages of Behavioral Change Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

22. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Healthful strategies Nutrition Exercise Rest Stress reduction

23. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Common Nutritional Problems in the U.S. Lack of adequate intake of fruits Lack of adequate milk/dairy products intake Frequent consumption of fast, convenient foods Nutritional links to the development of disease

24. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Special Diets and Nutritional Concerns Vegetarian diets – risks & benefits Nutritional supplements Additives Pesticides in food Food safety

25. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Food Safety Guidelines Clean food and hands before preparation. Cook food at proper temperature. Maintain food at correct temperature. Store raw, cooked, and ready to eat food separately. When in doubt, throw it out.

26. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Physical Exercise Type Quantity Benefits

27. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Sleep/Rest Tips for obtaining optimal sleep

28. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Stress Reduction Tips Be realistic Meditate/visualize Avoid “Superman/Superwoman” urge Take one thing at a time Healthy lifestyle – exercise, hobbies Express your feelings

29. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 11 Clinical Implications Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention