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Published byFrancis Harmon Modified over 9 years ago
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The time period in history when reason was used to understand and improve society The Enlightenment is often called the “Age of Reason”
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Philosophers believed that society could be improved by using reason and natural law › Universal rules that are always true
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Philosophers believed that governments received their authority from the people › NOT from God Philosophers believed in democracy › A government where the people have a say
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John Locke › Believed that all people have all people have natural rights Life, liberty, and property Can overthrow the government if it fails to protect those rights Voltaire › He believed that everyone is entitled to freedom of speech and freedom of religion
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Baron de Montesquieu › Believed the gov’t should be separated into three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) › Separation of powers and a system of checks and balances Rousseau › Believed that society is a social contract An agreement in which all people agree to work for the common good of society
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Helped cause political revolutions in France, Latin America, and the United States › BECAUSE… enlightenment philosophers believed that people can overthrow unfair governments Enlightened Despots › European kings and queens who believed in enlightenment ideas and ruled using those principles
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Industrial Revolution
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The industrial Revolution was the change from producing goods by hand to producing goods with machines in factories › Factories- place in which workers and machines are brought together to produce large quantities of goods
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The industrial revolution started in Great Britain (England) because it had many natural resources that are necessary to produce and transport goods. › Coal, iron, tin, lead, waterways Great Britain had favorable geography
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Industrialization- machines used to produce goods in factories Urbanization- growth of cities. People can to city (urban) areas to get jobs in factories › Many cities had severe pollution from the smoke that came out of factories
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Bad working conditions- worked in dangerous conditions for long hours and low pay › Young children were frequently hired and abused in these factories
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Formation of labor unions- workers gathered together to fight for better wages and working conditions Legislation- governments eventually passed laws to set minimum wage and end child labor
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Laissez Fair Capitalism › This was the economic system that was used during the IR (and still used in the world today).
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Laissez Fair is based on the ideas: › Businesses and factories should be owned by individuals (NOT the government) › Business decisions should be made by individuals (the government should NOT interfere) › Prices should be set by individuals (NOT the government) Supply and demand
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Both believed that laissez faire was bad Argued that it allowed greedy factory owners to exploit poor factory workers › Wrote “Communist Manifesto”
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Always been about class struggles › Haves vs. Have-Nots Wealthy and greedy (Bourgeoisie) took advantage of the poor factory workers (Proletariat) to earn money Proletariat should rise up and overthrow the Bourgeoisie › Violently › Create a new society with no social classes
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The ideas of Marx and Engels eventually became the foundation of Communism Countries that became communist were inspired by the writings of Marx and Engels
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