1. Sustainability & Ecological Footprints

2. Ecological Footprint The land and water area that is needed to support the material standard of living of a given human population, using current technology indefinitely

3. How Big is an Acre? One acre is equivalent to: –200 parked cars –43,560 square feet –640 acres in a square mile –about a third of a soccer field which is between 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yard) long and between 45 and 90 m (50 and 100 yard) wide (2.67 acres) –three quarters of an American football field which is 160 feet (48.5 m) wide and 360 feet (109.1 m) long (1.32 acres). When you take away the two 30-foot-long end zones at each end, an acre is 91% of the field. This 12.5 acre parcel of land in Orange County, CA is on sale for $57,000,000

4. Ecological Footprints The amount of ecologically productive land used by individuals, cities, countries, etc. Production and use of goods and services involve land use: have ecological footprints

5. Ecological Footprints Consumed Land –Built environment

6. Ecological Footprints Farm Land –Food production

7. Ecological Footprints Forest Land –forest products Wood for homes Paper furniture

8. Transportation Footprints If one person travels 5 kilometers twice each workday: –Bicycle: 122 sq meters –Buses : 301 sq meters –Cars: 1,442 sq meters

9. Agricultural Footprints Open Field production of tomatoes takes up more land than greenhouse production But Greenhouse production has a much larger ecological footprint (10-20x) –Energy –Fertilizer –Other inputs

10. Urban Footprints Imagine New York City covered by a bubble like Biosphere II in Arizona Most people would die within a few days Cities depend on much greater amount of land, than is available. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970408.html

11. Urban Footprints Now imagine how big that bubble would have to be for the city to be self-sustaining This is the ecological footprint of the city It takes 347,000 square miles –size of Texas and Oklahoma combined.

12. National Footprints Holland population 15 million Density = 395 people per kilometer Consumption is less than in U.S. Still, Dutch people require 15x more land than is within their country for –Food –Forest Products –Energy Use Therefore, the ecosystems that support Holland lie far beyond their national borders

13. Current per person Ecological Footprints US – 23.2 acres World – 6.7 acres Biologically productive land per person in the world – 5.2 acres Ecological deficit – 1.5 acres Source: Global Footprint Network - 2005

14. National Footprints Therefore, if everybody were to adopt the U.S. consumptive style, we would need 5.3 planets SOURCE: World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.Redefining Progress

15. Inequity We all compete for an ecologically overloaded world. Excess consumption by affluent countries takes up the ecological footprint that would be used by poorer nations. http://www.thesavvytraveller.com/agraphics/insights/geography/1ge neral/photoessays/dalusio_menzel/material_world.jpg

16. Resource Distribution –Imagine if four people landed on an island and they divided up the land into 4 equal sections –Is it fair for one of those people to claim ¾ of the land, forcing the other 3 to live off of ¼ of the land? The wealthiest 25% of the world uses 75% of the world’s resources

17. Consumption of Resources Average per person, 1991 Type of consumption CanadaUSAIndiaWorld Vehicles per 100 persons 46570.210 Paper con- sumption (in kg/yr) 247317244 Fossil energy use ( in gigajoules/yr) 250287545 Fresh Water Withdrawl (in m 3 /yr) 1,6881,868612644

18. Comparison of population and carbon emissions China21.1%13.3% India16.5 3.8 USA4.622.9 Indonesia3.5 0.9 Brazil2.81.0 Russia2.67.2 Japan2.25.0 Share of World PopulationShare of World Carbon Emissions 1996 1995 Source: Worldwatch Institute, 1997

19. Radios & Televisions per 1,000 people 1992 Radios and TV’s are used both for communication and for amusement. How many does one person or household need? How do these national averages compare to the number of radios and TV’s in your own community? radiosTVs Cambodia1128 China18231 India8037 Italy791421 Liberia 22618 Mali441 Mexico255149 USA2118815 Source: UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 1996

20. Can everyone live like we do? No. –There is not enough earth to support it Thus all poor countries cannot follow the miracle of developed countries Someone must bear the ecological burden of consumption by the affluent Our continued over- consumption hits the poor hardest

21. A sustainable world is…. “A world in which human populations can continue to exist indefinitely with a high standard of living and health. In a sustainable world, habitats would be preserved and garbage would be turned into harmless substances. Nonrenewable resources would be used sparingly and efficiently and renewable resources would be used no faster than they could be replaced so there would always be enough for generations that follow”

22. Definition of Sustainable Any action or process that can be continued indefinitely without depleting any of the material or energy resources required to keep it running.

23. 1 st principle of Ecosystem Sustainability All resources come from nature and all wastes are recycled

24. 2 nd Principle of Ecosystem Sustainability Ecosystems use sunlight as their source of energy

25. 3 rd Principle of Ecosystem Sustainability The size of consumer populations is maintained so that overgrazing or other overuse does not occur.

26. 4 th Principle of Ecosystem Sustainability Biodiversity* is maintained. *Biodiversity is the number and variety of living organisms in an area *