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UNIT 3 DYNAMIC WEBSITES WITH CSS AND JAVASCRIPT
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OBJECTIVES CO4 Apply style to a website using CSS. CO5 Describe the use of scripting when creating a website. CO6 Create a dynamic website using JavaScript. 2
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LEARNING OUTCOMES LO12 Create a fixed-layout Web page using CSS. LO13 Create a liquid-layout Web page using CSS. LO14 Create a hybrid Web page using CSS. LO15 Describe server-side scripting. LO16 Describe client-side scripting. LO17 Create a JavaScript event handler. LO18 Display random content using JavaScript. LO19 Document JavaScript code using comments. 3
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FIXED LAYOUTS The body of the page has a specific width. Width is controlled by a master wrapper. Specified in pixels Determine the minimum screen resolution you want to accommodate: 800x600 was common. Now, many Web designers use 1024x768 as a minimum. 4
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FIXED WIDTH - SMALLER SIZE SCREEN 5 Horizontal scrollbars
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FIXED WIDTH - LARGER SIZE SCREEN 6
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LIQUID LAYOUTS Often use a where width is specified as a percentage Require a significant amount of testing 7
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LIQUID LAYOUT - SMALL SCREEN SIZE 8
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LIQUID LAYOUT - VERY SMALL SCREEN 9
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LIQUID LAYOUT - LARGE SCREEN 10
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CREATING A HYBRID LAYOUT 1.Start with a basic layout structure. 2.Create a header and footer. 3.Define two fixed columns on either side. 4.Define a liquid column in the middle. 11
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BASIC LAYOUT STRUCTURE <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> Sample Layout HEADER CONTENT LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE FOOTER 12
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HEADER AND FOOTER #header { float: left; width: 100%; background-color: #7152F4; } #footer { float: left; width: 100%; background-color: #7152F4; } 13
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WRAPPER #wrapper { float: left; padding-left: 200px; padding-right: 125px; } 14
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LEFT SIDE #left_side { position: relative; float: left; width: 200px; background-color: #52f471; right: 200px; margin-right: -100%; } 15
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RIGHT SIDE #right_side { position: relative; float: left; width: 125px; background-color: #f452d5; margin-right: -125px; } 16
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CONTENT AREA #content_area { position: relative; float: left; background-color: #ffffff; width: 100%; } 17
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HYBRID LAYOUT 18
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HYBRID LAYOUT Problem under 400 pixels 19
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SETTING MIN-WIDTH body { margin: 0; padding: 0; min-width: 525px; } 20
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MANAGING COLUMN HEIGHT Add the following to left_side, right_side, and content_area: margin-bottom: -2000px; padding-bottom: 2000px; Add the following to the footer: position: relative; Add the following to the wrapper: Overflow: hidden; 21
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HYBRID LAYOUT COMPLETE 22
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Server-side scripting PHP JSP ASP Perl Python Ruby Client-side scripting JavaScript VBScript jQuery Ajax 23 SCRIPTING
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Server-side The script is executed by the Web server. Browser- independent Requires a trip across the Internet Client-side The script is executed by the browser. Support can differ by browser Can execute without a trip across the Internet 24 CLIENT-SIDE vs. SERVER-SIDE
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WHERE TO PUT JAVASCRIPT In its own file with a.js extension In a block in the HTML Typically in the block Is not executed unless called Can be placed in the block Is executed when the page loads Associated with an event 25
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INLINE JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE JavaScript Example JavaScript Example This text is HTML. <!-- Hide the script from old browsers document.write(' This text comes from JavaScript. '); // Stop hiding the script --> 26
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JAVASCRIPT EXAMPLE OUTPUT 27
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ABOUT JAVASCRIPT Case-sensitive White space is ignored except inside of quotes. Use + to concatenate strings that span multiple lines Add a semicolon after a statement: hours = now.getHours(); mins = now.getMinutes(); secs = now.getSeconds(); Use comments to document: // Initialize the arrays with quotes /* This is a multiline comment So you can comment out a block of code */ 28
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VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS var text; text = prompt(“Enter some text.”); 29 Parameter Variable to store return value Variable declaration
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OBJECTS Store multiple pieces of data, known as properties object.property Bob.address Bob.phone Can include methods Bob.display() 30
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TYPES OF OBJECTS Built-in objects DOM objects Custom objects 31
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ARRAYS An array stores a list of values. Each item in the list can be accessed through its index. 32 MarkDavidSarah 012
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PARALLEL ARRAYS 33 MarkDavidSarah 012 ApplePearOrange 012
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USING ARRAYS Declare array variables: quotes = new Array(4); sources = new Array(4); Store values in an array: quotes[0] = "When I was a boy of 14, my father was so " + "ignorant...but when I got to be 21, I was astonished at " + "how much he had learned in 7 years."; sources[0] = "Mark Twain"; 34
![USING ARRAYS Declare array variables: quotes = new Array(4); sources = new Array(4); Store values in an array: quotes[0] = When I was a boy of 14, my father was so + ignorant...but when I got to be 21, I was astonished at + how much he had learned in 7 years. ; sources[0] = Mark Twain ; 34](http://images.slideplayer.com./23/6658762/slides/slide_34.jpg "USING ARRAYS Declare array variables: quotes = new Array(4); sources = new Array(4); Store values in an array: quotes[0] = When I was a boy of 14, my father was so + ignorant...but when I got to be 21, I was astonished at + how much he had learned in 7 years. ; sources[0] = Mark Twain ; 34")
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RANDOM NUMBER i = Math.floor(Math.random() * quotes.length); Math.random() returns a random number between 0 and 1. Multiply the random number by the number of quotes. Math.floor rounds the result down. 35
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CONDITIONALS Do something if a specific condition exists if (count==1) alert(“The countdown has reached 1.”); 36
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LOOPS for (i=1; i<=10; i++) { alert(“It's another alert!”); } 37
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EVENT HANDLERS 38
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WHICH SCRIPT RUNS FIRST? tags within the section Cannot create output in the Web page tags within the section Executed in order Event handlers are executed when events happen. 39
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DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL 40 documentwrapperstyle background- color content_areastylecolorproduct_imgsrc
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IMAGE DISPLAYED ON ROLLOVER 41 <a href="#" onmouseover="javascript:document.product_img.src = '/path/to/large4.jpg'"><img src="/path/to/small4.jpg" width="104" height="104" style="padding: 4px; border: 0px" alt="photo" />
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IMAGE DISPLAYED ON ROLLOVER Result: 42
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JAVASCRIPT SYNTAX RULES Case Sensitivity Keywords are always lowercase. Built-in objects are capitalized. DOM object names are usually lowercase. DOM methods often contain a mix of upper- and lowercase. 43
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JAVASCRIPT SYNTAX RULES Variable, Object, and Function Names Can include: Uppercase letters Lowercase letters Numbers Underscore (_) Must begin with a letter or underscore Variable names cannot be reserved words. 44
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JAVASCRIPT BEST PRACTICES Use comments liberally. Use a semicolon at the end of each statement. Use one statement per line for easier debugging. Use separate JavaScript files when possible. Avoid being browser-specific. Keep JavaScript optional. 45
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