1. Water Services Trust Fund How to use, empty and dispose content of a UDDT 9/9/20151

2. What is UDDT? 9/9/2015 Understanding the type of toilets to be emptied

3. What is UDDT? 9/9/2015 A urine -diverting dry toilet (UDDT) or a dry toilet is a simple, low-cost, on-site toilet that functions without water and has a divider so that the user, with little effort, can divert the urine away from the faeces. Faeces vault 1 Urine section 1 Faeces vault 2

4. How is a UDDT used? 9/9/20154 Every long call visit should be accompanied by pouring ash into the vault Pouring of ash on the faeces allows it to dry fast and raises the PH level which kills most of the disease producing agents (pathogens) found in faeces N/B The use of ash is mandatory in this type of toilet Vault 1Vault 2

5. Challenges of using UDDTs 9/9/20155 Requires proper guidance and instructions on use; requires sensitization to gain acceptance It’s use requires behavioral adaption change from the masses who think of it as a conventional pit toilet It’s use is not obvious to first time users Population pressure can hasten the need for emptying of vaults before the recommended six months period which ensures Posters will be available in all the dry toilets

6. How to use the UDDT 9/9/20156

7. Common mistakes that are made when using a UDDT 9/9/20157 Careless pouring of ash in the urine hole which often block the urine pipe Dumping solid waste such as sanitary towels and diapers (non- biodegradable items) into the faeces chamber. Defecating in the urine hole which results in blockage of the urine pipe (a mistake mostly made by children) Blocked urine pipe

8. Common mistakes 9/9/20158 Urinating in the faeces chamber. A mistake mostly made by children and men Anal cleansing water directed to the faeces chamber Bathing inside the toilet

9. How should a UDDT be used? 9/9/20159 Lift the lid of the big hole (faeces chamber). This lid has a handle which indicates that it is in use (The lid without a handle is not in use) Once you lift the lid with the handle, squat on top of the big hole facing the urinal chamber which is at the centre After use, dispose the used tissue or paper in the big hole

10. How should a UDDT be used? 9/9/201510 Put a scoop or a cupful of ash into the big hole only N/B No ash should spill in the urine chamber to avoid blockage Replace the lid once done Ensure correct use of each chamber Wash your hands with soap and water after use! Ash bucket. Ash should be poured in the faeces hole after every long call

11. The use of UDDT among children? (1) 9/9/201511 Children can be instructed best on how to use UDDT by their parents, guardians, teachers etc Children below 3 years should be accompanied by a parent, guardian or teacher while using the toilet to aim for the urine and faecal chambers respectively For children who are too young, contents from potty can be transferred to the faecal chamber

12. 9/9/201512 N/B There should be no diapers allowed in the faecal chamber but, used tissues paper is however allowed Children should be trained to wash their hands with soap and water after using the UDDT toilet The use of UDDT among children (2)

13. Emptying of vault (1) 9/9/201513 Once the vault is full, the users are requested to ensure, firstly that the faecal matter as seen from above hole is well covered with ash, the chamber should then be covered with the right lid (the one that has no handle - to indicate that it is currently not in use) The users should then be well informed about the status of the toilet to ensure that the lid is closed tight and to ensure that it is not opened by mistake and left for decomposition for a minimum of 6 months

14. Emptying of vault (2) 9/9/201514 N/B No one is allowed to use the full vault during the treatment period The longer the sludge stays decomposing, the better and safer for reuse It is recommended that the vault be opened from time to time by the users to monitor the decomposition process and to add more ash to the un decomposed sections After handling the dry matter, sanitation team members are advised to Wash their hands with soap and Water

15. How does it look like? 9/9/201515 The dry sludge

16. Any risks faced during the emptying of the vaults? 9/9/201516 There is a possibility of helminth eggs (worms) transmission since some worms still take a longer time to die even when in an alkaline and tropical climates N/B The risk of worm transmission is present during vault emptying, sludge disposal at treatment site as well as the time for reuse. Hence the use of personal protective equipment (PPEs) and wash your hands with soap and water after handling in still key

17. There are documented scientific evidence of risks posed by UNTREATED faecal matter ; when used in growing of animal feed, vegetable, fruits and tubers, these risks emanate from pathogens that can be traced from the dried UNTREATED faecal matter. There are however no risks when the UNTREATED sludge is used for tree planting. 9/9/201517 Risks associated with the reuse of UNTREATED faecal matter

18. Risks associated with TREATED faecal matter 9/9/201518 Treated faecal matter is safe and pose no danger when applied for any reuse The treated dried faecal matter is a great soil conditioner and is better than animal manure since it has more nutrients

19. Challenges in reuse 9/9/201519 If plastics such as sanitary pads have been thrown in the faeces vaults, the vault contents may need to be sieved or screened prior to agricultural reuse to avoid choking the soil with plastic bags

20. Benefits of faeces reuse 9/9/201520 Treated faeces have a high content of organic matter which acts as a good conditioner. It contains nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous and other micronutrients. If ash has been used, it provides an additional source of potassium!