1. MANIFEST DESTINY & WESTWARD EXPANSION

3. Manifest Destiny – God given right to expand from sea to shining sea Manifest Destiny – God given right to expand from sea to shining sea –After 1820, people started moving West

4. Missouri Compromise In 1818, the U.S. consisted of 11 free states and 11 slave states In 1818, the U.S. consisted of 11 free states and 11 slave states In 1820, Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state, which would upset the balance of power in the Senate In 1820, Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state, which would upset the balance of power in the Senate

6. Missouri Compromise Henry Clay comes to the rescue with a compromise: Henry Clay comes to the rescue with a compromise: 1. Missouri enters as a slave state 2. Maine enters as a free state 3. The 36°30’ line is established for the rest of the Louisiana Territory. Anything north of the line would be free territory, anything south would be slave territory

7. “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” Slogan used by war hawks to take all of the Oregon Country Slogan used by war hawks to take all of the Oregon Country In 1846, the U.S. and Great Britain agree to split the land along the 49 th parallel – the current U.S. boundary with Canada. (Treaty of Oregon signed by President James K. Polk) In 1846, the U.S. and Great Britain agree to split the land along the 49 th parallel – the current U.S. boundary with Canada. (Treaty of Oregon signed by President James K. Polk)

8. Texas Revolution 1. 1821 – Mexico gains independence from Spain 2. Mexico allows many Americans to settle in the region of Texas 3. 1835 – settlers wanted to govern themselves and rebelled 4. 1836 – “Remember the Alamo”; Texas gains independence from Mexico

10. Texas Revolution 5. 1838 – Texas asks U.S. to annex or take it. Pro-slavery said YES; Anti-slavery said NO! 6. 1844 – James K. Polk wins presidency by promising EXPANSION of U.S. territory 7. 1845 – Texas enters the Union

11. War with Mexico a. 1845 – President Polk tried to buy California and Nevada. Mexico said “No” b. Polk sent in the army to claim the area. He convinces Congress to declare war! c. Many northerners oppose the war because they do not want any more slave states

12. War with Mexico d. 1848 – U.S. wins the war! Mexico cedes California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and parts of three other states. e. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo U.S. paid $15 million to MexicoU.S. paid $15 million to Mexico f. 1854 – Gadsen Purchase U.S. bought the rest of Arizona from Mexico for $10 million – to build a railroad around the Rocky Mountains

13. California Gold Rush 1. 1848 – gold discovered in California! 2. Thousands of people, called “49’er” rushed out to get rich 3. 1850 – California admitted as a state (through another of Henry Clay’s compromises – Compromise of 1850)

14. Numbers to Ponder… By 1850 - 90,000 had moved to California By 1850 - 90,000 had moved to California By 1855 – 300,000 gold seekers, immigrants, and merchants had moved to California – including 20,000 Chinese immigrants landing in San Francisco Harbor By 1855 – 300,000 gold seekers, immigrants, and merchants had moved to California – including 20,000 Chinese immigrants landing in San Francisco Harbor From 1847 to 1870, the population of San Francisco swelled from 500 people to over 150,000 people! From 1847 to 1870, the population of San Francisco swelled from 500 people to over 150,000 people!