1. Nutrition and Food Pyramid

2. Do Now What are some reasons why we eat food?

3. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body  When your body uses nutrients in food, a series of chemical reactions take place, therefore energy is released. Metabolism  Chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy

4. Foods Supply Nutrients What is a nutrient? Substances your body needs to:  regulate body function  promote growth  repair body tissues  obtain energy ***Body requires more than 40 nutrients for these tasks

5. Calories What is a calorie?  The amount of energy released when food is broken down is measured in units  Heat Energy  Scientific term - The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).  What is the recommended daily caloric intake for a average human?

6. Average Caloric intake? Caloric Intake for Women Caloric Intake for Men Several factors play into how much calories you should take in daily.  How much exercise – low, moderate, intense  How fit are you – obese, in shape  Quality of the foods you eat – fast food, fruits, vegetables  How much sleep you get, how long you stay awake

7. Six Types of Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water

8. Carbohydrates Purpose: Supply energy to your body There are two different types of carbohydrates –  simple : known as sugars.  Ex. Fruits, vegetables, milk, table sugar, refined foods  complex: starches are the main types. Starch are sugars linked together that form a long chain.  Ex. Oats, grains, wheat, potatoes, whole wheat

9. Complex Carbohydrates Fiber – complex carbohydrate found in plants.  Fiber cannot be broken down and passed through your blood stream.  Passed through without being digested but is a necessity for proper functioning of your digestive system. A High Fiber diet will –  Prevent constipation  Reduce risk of colon cancer  Prevent heart disease

11. Daily Carbohydrate Intake 45 to 65 Percent of your daily diet Better to eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates High in Sugar – candy, soft drinks – Low Nutritional Value

12. Fats Nutrient with highest energy content Purpose supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature and protect your nerves. Unsaturated – good fat  neurons Saturated fats- bad fat  cholesterol

13. Daily Fat Intake 25 to 35 percent of your daily caloric intake Primarily unsaturated fats To reduce intake of saturated fats, substitute low fat foods for meats and dairy products that are high in saturated fats.

14. Protein Purpose serve as a source of energy  Growth and repair of body tissue’s High Protein diet – ex. Milk, eggs, meats, nuts, beans, peas, lentils 22 total amino acids 13 are made in the body 9 MUST come from food!!! Complete proteins- animal sources have all 9 amino acids Incomplete proteins- veggies, nuts, seeds lack one or two incomplete proteins

15. Amino Acids Makes up protein in our body and food. Digest protein, body breaks down the protein into amino acids which are absorbed into bloodstream and reassembled to make the proteins your body needs. Essential Amino Acids – 22 total amino acids  9 come from food  The rest your body manufactures

16. Complete and Incomplete Proteins Complete – Proteins from an animal source  Meats, fish, dairy  Contains all nine essential amino acids Incomplete – Proteins that come from a plant source  Beans, broccoli, peas, etc.  Lack one or more essential amino acids

17. Daily Intake Protein 10 to 35 percent of your daily diet should be proteins Diet with a variety of meat and vegatables will supply the right amount of protein and amino acids you will need.

18. Vitamins Nutrients that are made by living things, are required only in small amounts Purpose – assist in chemical reactions, using other nutrients Two Classes – Fat soluble – dissolve in fat. Water soluble – dissolve in water

19. Fat Soluble Fat Soluble Vitamins  A, D, E, K are found in vegetable oils, eggs, vegetables, milk, fruit, sunlight Can be stored in the body

20. Water Soluble Water soluble vitamins  Vitamin C, B Vitamins are found in fruits, vegatables Can not be stored in the body  Important to get a daily dose of these vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Folate, C  Play a role in metabolism, nervous system function, healthy red blood cells, formation of proteins, fights infections

21. Minerals Nutrients that occur naturally in rock and soils 24 essential minerals have been shown for good health Need seven minerals – calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur

22. Water 65 Percent of your body is water Purpose hydrates your body  Carries waste out of your body  Digest food  Cells/tissues/organs need water to function  Play a role in production of energy

23. Water and Homeostasis Homeostasis – process of maintaining a steady state inside your body Water contains dissolved substances called electrolytes Daily Intake – 10 glasses of 8 oz. of water  Factors – age, gender, physical activity  Caffeine – increases the amount of water your body excretes

24. Water and Exercise Drink water before and after you exercise Sports drinks – try to avoid sports drinks for low to moderate work outs.  Heavier to more intense workouts, sports drinks can be beneficial but in moderation.  When in doubt drink water

25. Old Food Pyramid

26. New Food Pyramid

28. Mission Nutrition http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/games/game_nutri tion.html http://kidshealth.org/kid/closet/games/game_nutri tion.html

29. Reading Food Labels http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/labels. html http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/labels. html