1. Chapter 23 / Section II: Pages 540-545 Growth and Change in the United States This section is about: This section is about: Significant changes in the size of the United States during the 1800’s. Significant changes in the size of the United States during the 1800’s. U.S. territorial expansion, the causes and effects of the Civil War, and immigration to the United States during the 1800’s. U.S. territorial expansion, the causes and effects of the Civil War, and immigration to the United States during the 1800’s. How westward expansion affected Native Americans. How westward expansion affected Native Americans.

2. Growth and Change in the United States and… The Nation Expands You already know some basic information about today ’ s section (before, during and after the “ War Between the States. ” You already know some basic information about today ’ s section (before, during and after the “ War Between the States. ” Last time: Canada was expanding (west) - partly because that ’ s what their neighbor (the U.S.) was doing. Last time: Canada was expanding (west) - partly because that ’ s what their neighbor (the U.S.) was doing. They were afraid the United States might try and take control of all of North America. They were afraid the United States might try and take control of all of North America.

3. The Louisiana Purchase The United States doubled in size in 1803. The United States doubled in size in 1803. Spain had controlled the middle part of North America since 1763 (French and Indian War). Spain had controlled the middle part of North America since 1763 (French and Indian War). In 1800, Napoleon bought that land from Spain. In 1800, Napoleon bought that land from Spain. But Napoleon was fighting all his European wars and was running out of money, so he offered “ The Louisiana territory ” to the U.S. for $15 million. But Napoleon was fighting all his European wars and was running out of money, so he offered “ The Louisiana territory ” to the U.S. for $15 million. Besides getting the key port of New Orleans, 13 new states would eventually be created from this territory. Besides getting the key port of New Orleans, 13 new states would eventually be created from this territory. Later - the U.S. also gained the Oregon Territory from Britain - and the southwest territory from Mexico. Later - the U.S. also gained the Oregon Territory from Britain - and the southwest territory from Mexico.

4. The Monroe Doctrine While the U.S was gaining land, Spain was losing most of it ’ s claims in N/C/S America and the Caribbean. While the U.S was gaining land, Spain was losing most of it ’ s claims in N/C/S America and the Caribbean. Spain was going to try and convince it ’ s friends to help them get some lands back. Spain was going to try and convince it ’ s friends to help them get some lands back. In 1823, the United States (President James Monroe), warned that any European power that interfered with a nation in the Americas would be treated as a threat to the U.S.. In 1823, the United States (President James Monroe), warned that any European power that interfered with a nation in the Americas would be treated as a threat to the U.S.. He also said, the U.S. would not interfere with any European country (or their colonies). He also said, the U.S. would not interfere with any European country (or their colonies). This is know as ……. This is know as ……. It ’ s the basic principle of American foreign policy for a long time. It ’ s the basic principle of American foreign policy for a long time.

5. From Coast to Coast Americans kept moving further and further west - even out to Oregon Country in a push west that ’ s called Manifest Destiny. Americans kept moving further and further west - even out to Oregon Country in a push west that ’ s called Manifest Destiny. It means it was the right and the destiny of America to grow and expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It means it was the right and the destiny of America to grow and expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Later land acquisitions were made with Texas, and soon the lands in the southwest part of the continent (after a war with Mexico). Later land acquisitions were made with Texas, and soon the lands in the southwest part of the continent (after a war with Mexico). The U.S even pushed farther than the coast, eventually purchasing Alaska in 1867 and annexing Hawaii in 1898. The U.S even pushed farther than the coast, eventually purchasing Alaska in 1867 and annexing Hawaii in 1898. ………………………….. ………………………….. Animated Atlas: Growth of a Nation

7. The Road to War and… Two Ways of Life Moving west caused a problem of how to use these new lands - eventually leading to a war. Moving west caused a problem of how to use these new lands - eventually leading to a war. The Northern and Southern United States were completely different. The Northern and Southern United States were completely different. People in the South farmed (warm climate and good soil) tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane - with the help of slaves. People in the South farmed (warm climate and good soil) tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane - with the help of slaves. People in the North lived more city styles of lives, working in trade and manufacturing - and didn't need slaves. People in the North lived more city styles of lives, working in trade and manufacturing - and didn't need slaves.

8. Slavery in the West When new territories/states were acquired, should they be slave or free states? When new territories/states were acquired, should they be slave or free states? Northerners said free Northerners said free Southerners said slave. Southerners said slave. Some said it should be based on popular sovereignty (let them decide). Some said it should be based on popular sovereignty (let them decide). For a long time there was a balance of power - equal free and slave. For a long time there was a balance of power - equal free and slave. Any time a new state would come in to the country, they ’ d have to find a way to keep a balance. Any time a new state would come in to the country, they ’ d have to find a way to keep a balance. There were lots of “ Compromises. ” There were lots of “ Compromises. ”

9. War Breaks Out When Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 (he was against slavery), many southern states seceded (7 left the Union right away, more followed). When Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 (he was against slavery), many southern states seceded (7 left the Union right away, more followed). The Confederacy (South) considered themselves a whole new country. The Confederacy (South) considered themselves a whole new country. The Union (North) and Lincoln considered t hem still part of the U.S. of A.. The Union (North) and Lincoln considered t hem still part of the U.S. of A.. There would be a war to decide what would happen - a “ Civil War. ” There would be a war to decide what would happen - a “ Civil War. ”

10. Europe ’ s View of the War The South thought Europe and Britain may help them out (they used southern cotton - but they decided to get their cotton from India and China instead). The South thought Europe and Britain may help them out (they used southern cotton - but they decided to get their cotton from India and China instead). Many countries had sympathy for the South (it was a time of revolutions), but no other country ever officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent nation. Many countries had sympathy for the South (it was a time of revolutions), but no other country ever officially recognized the Confederacy as an independent nation.

11. The Union Saved The Union Saved After 4 horrible years, the North won the war. After 4 horrible years, the North won the war. The 1 country would have to rebuild (physically, economically, politically, etc…). The 1 country would have to rebuild (physically, economically, politically, etc…). Three new amendments were added to the Constitution (called the Civil War Amendments): Three new amendments were added to the Constitution (called the Civil War Amendments): 13 th : ended slavery. 13 th : ended slavery. 14 th : gave ex-slaves 14 th : gave ex-slaves citizenship. citizenship. 15 th : allowed all males over 15 th : allowed all males over 21 the right to vote. 21 the right to vote.

12. People on the Move The late 1800 ’ s wasn ’ t just a Civil War time of change. The late 1800 ’ s wasn ’ t just a Civil War time of change. There were also changes with all the immigrants coming to the U.S.. There were also changes with all the immigrants coming to the U.S.. And, it was a time where Native Americans were continuing to be forced off their lands And, it was a time where Native Americans were continuing to be forced off their lands

13. Newcomers Newcomers In 1860: the U.S had 31 million people. In 1860: the U.S had 31 million people. By 1900, there were 75 million. By 1900, there were 75 million. Most of the immigrants at this time came from Europe (crop failures, famine, disease, etc…). Most of the immigrants at this time came from Europe (crop failures, famine, disease, etc…). Some came to escape harsh governments. Some came to escape harsh governments. Some came for religious freedom. Some came for religious freedom. All came looking for opportunities. All came looking for opportunities.

14. Before 1890: from Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Before 1890: from Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Most were protestant, with some education and some experience living in a country with a representative government. Most were protestant, with some education and some experience living in a country with a representative government. They adapted pretty well to American life, but had their own churches, own social gatherings, and had their own newspapers. They adapted pretty well to American life, but had their own churches, own social gatherings, and had their own newspapers. After 1890: from Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, and Spain. After 1890: from Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, and Spain. Many of these immigrants settled in the Northeast U.S. – or in cities as far as their money would allow them to re- locate. Many of these immigrants settled in the Northeast U.S. – or in cities as far as their money would allow them to re- locate.

15. First People First People At the time of Columbus, there may have been more than 10 million Native Americans living in North America. At the time of Columbus, there may have been more than 10 million Native Americans living in North America. As time went on, they lost most of their land. As time went on, they lost most of their land. And, many died from European diseases they could not resist. And, many died from European diseases they could not resist. By the mid 1800 ’ s, the Natives were also in the way of manifest destiny and westward expansion. By the mid 1800 ’ s, the Natives were also in the way of manifest destiny and westward expansion. By 1860, about all they had left were some “ reservations ” and some land in the Oklahoma Territory. By 1860, about all they had left were some “ reservations ” and some land in the Oklahoma Territory. Any treaties they had made were usually ignored. Any treaties they had made were usually ignored. Their way of life was slowly destroyed. Their way of life was slowly destroyed.