1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Large Industrial Regions Large Industrial Regions Europe's Industrial Regions: Western Europe, western Germany, The United Kingdom, Italy Spain, Eastern Europe (mainly in the former Soviet Union) North America’s Industrial Regions: Middle Atlantic, Mohawk valley, Lake Erie, western Great Lakes,Southern California, South Eastern Ontario East Asia’s Industrial Regions China, Japan The Industrial Revolution did not just happen over night, it was the gradual diffusion of ideas and techniques; however, it began in The United Kingdom in the late eighteenth century. Examples of types of industries: Textile: cloth or woven fabric Cottage Industry: Home- based manufacturing

3. Raw Material OrientedMarket Oriented

4. Break of Bulk is the location where transfer among transportation modes takes place EX: The Port of Long Beach Goods are shipped across the ocean and are uniformly packaged so that they can be quickly transferred between other ships trucks or trains. Weber’s least Cost Theory consists of three categories: 1.Transportation Be near to the imputs or consumer Be where there is the lowest cost of moving the raw materials 2. Labor Create factories where there is cheap labor in places like China or Mexico 3. Agglomeration Cluster in the same areas as other industries where the industries can help each other out with their needs

5. Manufacturing Zones with Specific Strengths

6. Problems created by developed and developing countries Many problems occurred during industrialization. In the U.S. about six million jobs were lost in manufacturing. However, Texas and California added one-half million manufacturing jobs. The South lacked industrial development, which are their roads and rail networks. For example, if a region lacks roads and rail networks it makes it difficult for them to trade and have goods shipped in and out.

7. Situation factors: transporting materials to and from a factory Factories try to identify where a location cost are minimized Example- If a factory owner has two options on where to place their factory, they would choose whichever one was cheaper Critical industrial location costs Costs of transporting both inputs into the factory and products from the factory to the consumer Example- The factory would be placed in between where the receive their products to where the drop it off to the store that wants to sell the products that they made

8. The distribution of world labor since the Industrial Revolution “Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and nearly one-third was in North America, the share of world has increased since the industrial revolution to where the major industries aren’t just North America and Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America, The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in steel and clothing.

9. The distribution of world labor since the Industrial Revolution “Right-to-work” Laws: Requires a factory to maintain an “open shop” and prohibits a “close shop,” a company and a union agree that everyone must join the union to work in the factory In 1970, one-half of world industry was in Europe and nearly one-third was in North America, the share of world has increased since the industrial revolution to where the major industries aren’t just North America and Canada, but in East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America, The shift to new industrial regions can be seen clearly in steel and clothing.

10. How does site and situation factors influence the location of manufacturing? Site factors: unique characteristics of a location Site factors like land, labor, and capitol influence the location of manufacturing because it controls the cost of doing business at a location. Example- land, a factory would not be at a place such as mountains if there is no source of electricity to operate.

11. Compare and Contrast The Pre-industrial lifestyle had limited production, and was primarily an agricultural economy. The Pre-industrial era had few social classes with most of the population as middle working class, working as farmers.

12. Case Studies Maquiladoras in Mexico Maquiladora means to receive payment for grinding and processing corn. The companies receive tax breaks if they ship material from the unites states, assemble components at Maquiladora plant in Mexico, and export the finished product back to the U.S. More than one million Mexicans are employed out at over 3,000 Maquiladora.

13. Case Study Throwing BRIC at NAFTA NAFTA has joined the U.S. with its neighbors to the north and south to form one of the worlds three main industrial regions. Labor leaders fear that more manufactures will relocate production to Mexico to take advantage of lower wage. Environmentalists fear that NAFTA encourages industries to move production to Mexico because laws on air and water quality standards are less strict than in the U.S. People believe that industry in North America and Europe will soon relocate to BRIC, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The concept of this is that the four countries working together will become the worlds dominate industrial block.

14. Industrial Revolution In Europe