1. United States of America and Canada

2. Human Environment and Interaction
St Lawrence Seaway - North America’s most important deep water ship route; joint project between USA and Canada.
A system of locks, canals, and channels that allow large ship to travel from central North America, through the Great Lakes, and out to the Atlantic Ocean.

4. Human Environment and Interaction
The diagram below shows the sequence ships would travel from west to east. Notice the depth of the lakes, and the elevation change from Lake Erie to Montreal. Without the locks boats would not have been able to travel over this area because of waterfalls.

5. Erie Canal
The Erie Canal is a canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles (584 km) from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie. Built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, allowing for grains and meats from the Midwest to get to the east coast via a waterway. History Song

6. Erie Canal

7. Erie Canal

8. Erie Canal

9. Mississippi River
At 2,340 miles, the Mississippi River is the second longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri.  It flows through ten before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.  Because it flows from the northern United States and the Great Lakes to the south, and connects to the west via the Missouri River, the Mighty Mississippi has been important for transportation, exploration, commerce, and water supply for centuries.

10. Mississippi River

11. Mississippi River

12. Mississippi River

13. Mississippi River
Flood control on the Mississippi

14. Railroads
Trains were instrumental in settling the western part of the United States of America.
To encourage development of rail lines westward, the government offered railroad companies massive land grants and bonds. Railroads received millions of acres of public lands and sold that land to generate money for the construction of the railroads. The federal government gave 134 million acres of land as incentives to the railroads.

15. Human Environment and Interaction
Hoover Dam

16. Human Environment and Interaction

17. Human Environment and Interaction
Hoover Dam
Why was it built
To help control flooding
To provide water for irrigation
To produce hydroelectric power

18. Location
What is the absolute location of North America? What is the relative location of North America?

19. Population and Migration
Beringia-Land bridge that once connected Siberia and Alaska

20. Population and Migration
Columbian Exchange - The exchange of plants, animals, disease, and people (slaves) between the old and new worlds.

21. Population and Migration
Melting Pot (USA) vs Mosaic (Canada)
Melting pot is much closer to assimilation
Mosaic is much closer to multiculturalism
Plano, TX –no “towns”
Los Angeles- Chinatown, Korea town, Little Italy,

22. Population Geography of Canada
About 90% of Canada’s population lives within 100 miles of the US-Canadian border.
One-third of Canada’s population lives in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

23. Population Geography of USA
East Coast -first settled, then West Coast, Middle America.

24. Place
What is it like when you get here?

25. Culture/Government
Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal state with a democratic parliament.
USA-Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition

26. Culture-People Metis- People of French and Native heritage.
Immigrant-someone who comes to a new country. (Push or Pull) Railways (Pull)
Refugee- someone forced to flee their country due to war, persecution or violence. (Push)

27. Culture Religion Canada- Catholics 44% Protestants 30% USA-

28. Culture Language
Canada - 2 official languages
French and English
USA - O official languages. The federal government has never mandated an official language
English spoken by 80% of America
Spanish spoken by 30% of America

29. Regions
How are areas the same.

30. Regions of Canada
Maritime Atlantic Provinces- Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edwards Island, and Newfoundland.
Core – Quebec and Ontario (Includes French Canada
Prairie Provinces – Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and Alberta
Western Province- British Columbia
Northern Frontier- Nunavut,
Northwest Territory, Yukon
©2010, TESCCC

31. Maritime or Atlantic Provinces
Atlantic Canada - Easternmost provinces of Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island
Cod fishing - mainstay of region’s economy
The Grand Banks – Shallow waters in the Atlantic, rich source of fish.

32. Core Provinces Ontario and Quebec
Two-thirds of Canada's population lives in this region.
Settled along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes
Ontario - strongly British
Quebec - 80% of the population of French origin.

33. Prairie Provinces
Prairie region - Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.
Wheat, petroleum, and coal
Newly discovered “shale oil” reserves may be larger than the Middle East.
Major urban centers include Edmonton, Calgary, and Winnipeg.

34. Western Provinces
Western Frontier - centered in Vancouver, British Columbia, at the mouth of the Fraser River.
More than one-half of the province's population lives in the Vancouver area, which is the region's main industrial, administrative, financial, and cultural center.
Vancouver is home to the second largest Chinatown in North America.
Shares many of the same characteristics at the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.
©2010, TESCCC

35. Northern Frontier: Territories
Canadian North – sparsely populated
Nickel, copper, and uranium are the major resource metals mined and exported from the area.
Forestry, pulp manufacture, and hydroelectricity - additional economic resources
Nunavut is the newest political unit. (1999)
©2010, TESCCC

36. Major Regions of the United States
Northeast
Midwest/Rust Belt
South
Great Plains
Western Interior
Pacific West
Alaska and Hawaii

37. Northeast
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia
Historical Geography
longest history of European settlement, gateway to immigrants.
financial and manufacturing hub early in the industrial revolution.
Economic Geography
Rural areas are agricultural – primary sector
Urban areas are major world economic centers – tertiary, quaternary sectors
Cultural Geography
Very diverse, large population – many ethnic groups and languages
Usually votes Democrat

38. Midwest “Why is it called the Rust Belt?”
Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa
Historical Geography
Once the “Western Frontier”, hence the name.
Breadbasket of the U.S., as this is an agricultural region.
Also known as a manufacturing, blue-collar hub of the U.S.
Economic Geography
Formerly mining and manufacturing center – primary and secondary sector
Decline in recent past, hurt area economy, jobs moved away
Cultural Geography
Large cities, declining population - Urban Gentrification in some places. “White Flight” in 1960’s-80’s.
Mainly blue collar, rural areas mainly white

39. South
North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia, W. Virginia, Kentucky, and Louisiana
Historical Geography
settled as an agricultural region, with slavery and cash crops
Anglo Protestant plantation farmers were dominant group.
Significant in US Civil War ( ) and Civil Rights Movement (1960’s)
Economic Geography
Agriculture, new heavy industry, tourism
Moving from primary sector to secondary and tertiary sectors
Cultural Geography
Large African-American population
Strongly Christian, usually votes Republican
Culture still has connection to Civil War

40. Great Plains Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
Historical Geography
Staging point of war between the native people and the American settlers, especially after the 1862 “Homestead Act”.
Was also used for cattle grazing and cattle drives, cities founded as railroad hubs for cattle.
Economic Geography
Agriculture – farming and cattle, Primary sector
Region makes enough food to feed whole world
Cultural Geography
People are mainly Anglo, Protestant
Mainly rural – lots of small towns, fewer cities

41. Western Interior States
New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Texas
Historical Geography
Mining towns, Outlaws (Wild West)
Cattle/Sheep Grazing, Reservation Lands
Las Vegas and Reno- Gambling towns
Cultural Geography
Low population density
Large Hispanic population, as well as Native Americans

42. Pacific West States California, Oregon, Washington
Historical Geography
Population grew during the 1840’s “Gold Rush”.
Grew again when irrigation and canals brought water to dry areas for farming.
Economic Geography
Mostly mining and ranching, primary sectors; tourism, tertiary sectors.
High-tech centers in San Francisco, Seattle areas – quaternary sector
Entertainment and media in Southern California
Cultural Geography
Presently, about one-seventh of the United States population lives in southern California.
Rapidly increasing urban population, due to high birth rate and immigration
Large Hispanic population

43. Alaska and Hawaii Alaska and Hawaii, Pacific Ocean
Historical Geography
Alaska was purchased from Russian Empire in 1867, for $7.2 million, became a territory in 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. in 1959.
Hawaii was independent republic from 1894 until 1898, then annexed by USA. Attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan on December 7, Became a state in 1959.
Economic Geography
Tourism and fishing, agriculture in Hawaii
Oil, mining, and forestry important in Alaska
Cultural Geography
Large populations of Hawaiians, Native Americans, and Asians

44. THIS ONLY WORKS IF YOU WORK
Your teacher can only keep a loose grip on the classroom if he can trust you to work on your own initiative.
Every time you goof off, you make it more difficult for him to do that.
Look around. See someone goofing around? They risk your freedoms. Do something about it before he has to.
Also, Murica.