1. Texas Enters the Modern Era 1945-1980

2. Industries Grow  Petroleum: Aircraft and auto industries grew after world wars  More people moved into the state and started businesses  Many new highways built  Agribusiness: many small farmers could not stay in business because of high cost of machinery, etc. so giant companies bought farmland  Texas Ranching had large growth

3. New Technologies Emerge  High-tech aviation: Bell Helicopter  High-tech weapons and aircraft: General Dynamics, Boeing, and Texas Instruments  People started traveling by jet  Electronics: television, small electronics, and air-conditioning  Development of silicon transistors and integrated circuit

4. Aeronautics  1961—NASA in Houston (Mission Control)  Race to outer space  Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969  Developed Space Shuttles

5. Growing Population  Healthy economy after WWII  Growth of families: baby boom  Growth of suburbs: families outgrew small houses in cities  GI Bill helped with low-cost loans  Schools and shopping centers grew up around homes  Cities left with poorer people: taxes couldn’t cover needed services

6. Discrimination  Minorities still not treated fairly even after serving in WWII  Prosperity skipped African Americans  Hector P. Garcia helped minorities get services they needed  Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954 declared segregation as illegal

7. New Wars  Korean War: U.S. helps South Korea to fight Communist North Korea-1950  Vietnam War: Once again war fighting Communist regimes-1959  Became a bitter argument between Liberals and Conservatives  Gulf War: Iraq invaded Kuwait—Bush sent troops to the Persian Gulf-1990

8. Texas State Politics  Johnson’s Great Society: aimed to reduce poverty, advance education, and provide civil rights for all-Civil Rights Act of 1964  Republicans gain ground: Phil Gramm switched parties as did other democrats  Texas second female governor, Ann Richards elected in 1990

9. Texas Economics  1960-OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to control oil prices  1973-Embargo-on oil by Middle Eastern Countries-so Texas oil boomed again  Many people moved to Texas  Also, location in “Sunbelt”  Amnesty given to illegal immigrants in 1982

10. Economic Crunch  Early 80s, OPEC decided to produce more oil  Oil dropped in price to $10.00 per barrel  Oil Industry in Texas went “bust”  Businesses closed-people lost jobs  Texas created a more diverse economy  High tech industries grew