1. CHAPTER 22 SECTION 3
THE NORTHEAST

2. WHAT TWO RIVERS FLOWED THROUGH THE FERTILE CRESCENT?
BLEND OF CULTURES
EARLY CIVILIZATIONS LOCATED IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT
THE LAND HERE WAS ONCE
CALLED MESOPOTAMIA
WHAT TWO RIVERS FLOWED THROUGH THE FERTILE CRESCENT?

3. TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
THE ANCIENT CULTURES OF THE HITTITES AND PERSIANS BROUGHT THE USE OF IRON WEAPONS, ADVANCED FARMING, CODES OF LAWS, AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

4. VARIETY OF CULTURES
LANGUAGES SPOKEN HERE INCLUDE TURKISH AND FARSI, AS WELL AS ARABIC
THE KURDS ARE AN ETHNIC MINORITY IN TURKEY AND NORTHERN IRAQ WHO HAVE FACED PERSECUTION
TWO BRANCHED OF ISLAM:
SUNNI (83%) TURKEY, IRAQ, AFGHANISTAN
SHI’ITE (17%) MOST IRANIANS

5. STRUGGLES OVER LAND THE KURDS HAVE BEEN PREVENTED FROM FORMING A
HOMELAND
REFUGEES FROM
WARS IN IRAQ AND
AFGHANISTAN
HAVE SETTLED IN
IRAN
CIVIL WARS IN AFGHANISTAN, STRICT GOVERNMENT CONTROLS IN
IRAN, AND FIGHTING IN IRAQ HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE REFUGEE
POPULATION. SOME REFUGEES HAVE LIVED IN CAMPS FOR OVER 20 YEARS.

6. HERE ARE SOME PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE IN REFUGEE CAMPS IN IRAQ, IRAN, AND AFGHANISTAN

7. A CAMP IN AFGHANISTAN

8. NEAR KABUL ON A WINDY DAY

9. FAMILIES HAVE LITTLE PRIVACY

10. MANY OF THEM ARRIVE WITH ONLY WHAT THEY COULD CARRY

11. THE CAMPS OFTEN HAVE LITTLE CLEAN WATER AND POOR SANITATION

12. AND THE CHILDREN HAVE NO PLACE TO PLAY OR GO TO SCHOOL

13. INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: BRITISH-RUSSIAN CLASH OVER
OIL FIELDS
CONFLICTS OVER OIL
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
EARLY 1900s
BRITISH-RUSSIAN CLASH OVER
CONTROL OF IRAN
IRAN-IRAQ WAR
PERSIAN GULF WAR

14. ECONOMIC PROGRESS WHAT ECONOMIC CHALLENGES DO THESE COUNTRIES FACE?
LIMITED FARMLAND
HISTORY OF WAR, CONFLICT, REFUGEES
DISRUPTED OIL PRODUCTION
POOR INFRASTRUCTURE
SUBSTANDARD EDUCATION SYSTEMS

15. SUCCESS STORIES
TURKEY HAS DEVELOPED HYDROELECTRIC SOURCES AND HAS APPLIED FOR ADMISSION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION
IRAQ HAS HELD FREE ELECTIONS FOR THE PAST 2 YEARS
IRAN HAS MADE STEPS TOWARD ECONOMIC GROWTH

16. Watch this video for information about the Taliban in Afghanistan

18. MODERN LIFE
SEVERE RESTRICTIONS OF THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN HAVE CHANGED LIFE THERE
WHAT RULES DID THE TALIBAN IMPOSE?
NO RADIO, TV, MUSIC
BURQA WORN BY WOMEN
ALL MEN HAVE TO HAVE BEARDS
NO SCHOOL FOR GIRLS