1. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SOCIAL WORK IN CANADA An Introduction Third Edition Chapter 6: Social Work with Individuals and Families

2. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Social Work With Individuals & Families  Introduction to Direct Practice  The Social Work Process  Direct Practice Skills  The Helping Relationship  Conclusion

3. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice Social work practice consists of:  A series or process of interventionist actions  Distinct situations requiring different interventions, though processes or steps are similar  An interplay of action, reflection, and more action

4. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice Social Work with Individuals:  The process of helping individuals is sometimes called social casework  Helping people resolve problems on a one-to-one basis  Can take different forms depending on the philosophy of the social worker

5. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice Social Work with Families:  Involves working with a couple, child and parent, or entire families  Often focuses on communication or relationship difficulties, transitions, or family crisis situations  Emphasizes empowering family members and developing more secure relationships between them

6. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice Social Work with Individuals Social Work with Groups Social Work with Communities Figure 6.1: The Three Fields of Direct Practice

7. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice The Role of Critical Self-Reflection:  “Knowledge about oneself”  Helps social workers understand how identity, beliefs, professional and personal life are shaped by the media, family, and education  Knowledge that these beliefs will affect perceptions of the people you might be working with

8. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Introduction to Direct Practice Clinical Social Work  Varied range of approaches  Includes critical, feminist, and structural social workers  Two key elements distinguish it from other forms of therapeutic intervention: the person-centred approach & the importance of the helping relationship

9. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process The social work process consists of four broad stages: 1.Intake 2.Assessment and Planning 3.Intervention 4.Evaluation and Termination

10. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Intake Assessment/ Planning Termination/ Evaluation Intervention Figure 6.2: The Social Work Process for Direct Practice

11. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Intake  First step taken by a worker  A request for service is made by or for a person  Determination is made regarding the service to be provided  Information about client is collected  Assessment is made regarding client’s situation  Decision is made regarding whether agency can or cannot help the client

12. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Intake – Questions to Ask Potential Client:  Can I get the help I need here?  Can this person help me?  How can I get the help I need at this agency? Social Worker:  Can I help this person?  Would it be more appropriate for someone else to help?  How can I help this person?

13. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Assessment and Planning  Social worker and client analyze what help is needed through questioning  Social worker formulates plan  Plan provides initial course of action  Plan is altered through series of reflection-action- reflection processes

14. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Intervention  Worker and client implement the assessment and plans  Client shares with social worker any information regarding progress in problem resolution  Focus on creating dialogue between the client and worker

15. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Evaluation and Termination  Worker evaluates rationale for actions chosen and determines if needs were met  Worker will consider the expected or unexpected results  Alternative courses of action should be considered  Clients are not generally involved

16. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Social Work Process Evaluation and Termination  Termination occurs when the action plan is completed and the clients goals have been met  Essential records relating to the case are organized and stored  Appropriate support must be in place before intervention is ended

17. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Direct Practice Skills A social worker’s skill set for direct intervention should include:  Listening  Validating feelings  Interviewing/dialoguing  Paraphrasing  Clarifying  Summarizing  Giving information  Interpreting  Building consensus

18. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Helping Relationship The helping relationship refers to a partnering relationship between a client and a professional social worker, in which the worker should exhibit:  Warmth  Empathy  Genuineness

19. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. The Helping Relationship Social Work as Art and Science:  Look to science for validation  Referred to as evidence-based practice, social workers locate empirical studies for guidance  Helping professionals gravitate towards a more holistic and artistic understanding of practice

20. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Websites  Success and Innovation in Social Work Practice www.casw-acts.ca/celebrating/innovation_e.html  Information for Practice www.nyu.edu/socialwork/ip/  The Vanier Institute for the Family www.vifamily.ca

21. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Questions for Discussion How might the stages of intake, assessment and planning, intervention, and evaluation and termination differ based on whether the client is voluntary or involuntary?

22. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Questions for Discussion In what ways does sympathy differ from empathy in a social work context?

23. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Questions for Discussion Describe your philosophy of social work.

24. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Questions for Discussion Describe how your philosophy relates to at least two of the values in the CASW Code of Ethics and the specific principles related to that value.

25. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapter 6: Social Work With Individuals Social Work In Canada Copyright © 2010 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Questions for Discussion How does your philosophy of social work build on your personal experiences? How does it shape your professional social work goals?