1. Events Leading to the Civil War

2. Sectionalism and States Rights

3. Sectionalism West South North Farming Cash Crops Slave Labor Factories
Ranching
Cotton
Class Differences
Pioneer
Farms
Hunting
Mining
Lumber
Ranching
Indian Issues
Factories
Fishing
Whaling
Railroads
Large Population
Cities

4. Popular Sovereignty in the West
Let the people decide if they want slavery or not in the western territories
Started by Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois

5. Compromise of 1850 Admits California as a free state
Abolishes slave trade in Washington, D.C.
Popular sovereignty in western territories
Fugitive slave law***

6. Abolitionists Quakers William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass
Henry David Thoreau
Sarah and Angelina Grimke

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Focuses on slave life in Kentucky and Louisiana
Uncle Tom is a good and complacent soul
Simon Legree is the evil slave driver
Eliza flees to freedom by crossing the icy Ohio River
Lincoln called Stowe the “little lady who started the Civil War”

8. Published in 1852

9. Underground Railroad and Fugitive Slave Law
Fugitive slave law—federal violation for aiding runaway slaves
Secret escape routes to Northern free states
Harriet Tubman— “Moses”
Quakers

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act-1854
Popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories (let the people decide through voting for or against slavery)
Led to “Bleeding Kansas”
Abolitionists led by John Brown

11. Kansas-Nebraska Act

12. Dred Scott v. Sanford

13. The Dred Scott Case Supreme Court Decision in 1857
Dred Scott sued his master for freedom after Sanford had taken him to a free state
Chief Justice Taney wrote the ruling that slaves were property, not citizens and could not sue
Slaves could be taken into any state and are still slaves
Only a constitutional amendment could overrule this momentous decision
Southerners rejoiced and Northerners were outraged

14. Abolitionist Activity

15. Brooks-Sumner Incident
Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner gave abolitionist speech in 1856
He insulted slave owner Andrew Butler, uncle of Preston Brooks—both from South Carolina
Three days later, Congressman Brooks decided that Sumner was beneath dueling since he was no gentleman
He beat Sumner with a cane, seriously injuring him
Brooks was censured and Sumner became a strong advocate of Radical Reconstruction

16. The attack on Sumner was applauded across the South

17. John Brown and Harpers Ferry--1859
John Brown led a “holy war” of escaped slaves against the white race
He captured the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (today, West Virginia)
Colonel Robert E. Lee was sent to capture the rebels
Many rebels were killed including some of Brown’s sons
Brown was captured, tried and hanged
Songs and pictures showed Brown as a hero to the abolitionist cause

18. John Brown—Hero or Criminal?

19. Other Terms:
Gag rule— —no anti-slavery discussion in Congress allowed—J. Q. Adams said this violated 1st amendment
Free Soil Movement—3rd party —against slavery in western territories
Wilmot Proviso—1845—proposal to ban slavery in lands won from Mexico—FAILED
Nullification Crisis—Jackson vs. SC over protective tariff—do states have a right to nullify federal law?

20. Presidents Zachary Taylor—Whig Millard Fillmore—Whig Franklin Pierce
--Democrat
James Buchanan

21. The Republican Party Formed in 1854 in Wisconsin
Principle: against the spread of slavery into the western territories
John C. Fremont (Western trailblazer) ran as a Republican for President in 1856 (lost)
Abraham Lincoln, a Whig, joined the party and became the first Republican President
The party dominated 19th and early 20th century presidencies

22. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Seven debates for the two candidates for U.S. Senate from Illinois—1858
Democrat Stephen Douglas (“the little giant”) vs. Republican Abraham Lincoln (“the rail splitter”)
“A house divided against itself cannot stand.” (Abraham Lincoln)
Douglas promoted popular sovereignty
Douglas won the election to Senate

23. Lincoln vs. Douglas

24. Election of 1860
Douglas—Democrat—12 electoral votes—29.4% popular vote
Breckenridge—National Democrat (Southern)—72 electoral votes—18% popular vote
Bell—Constitutional Union—39 electoral votes—12% popular vote
Lincoln—Republican--180
electoral votes--39.8% popular vote
*After the election, S.C. seceded*

25. Create a Circle Graph “Slavery: Statistics vs. Myths”
¾ % owned over 50 slaves
2.5% owned slaves
4% owned slaves
5.75 % owned 5-9 slaves
7% owned 2-4 slaves
5% owned 1 slaves
75% owned no slaves
Why, then, did the South fight so hard to keep this institution?

26. Quick Check 1. Make a chart entitled Events Leading to The Civil War
2. Include three categories: political, social and economic
3. List 12 events under the three categories with at least 3 in each