1. OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCE SELF & GIVE SHORT PERSONAL BACKGROUND
* ORM IS NOT A SAFETY PROGRAM
* ORM IS A TOOL TO ENHANCE YOUR OPERATIONAL READINESS YIELDING SAFETY AS A BY-PRODUCT
* WE (THE SAFETY CENTER) ARE HERE BECAUSE WE HAVE THE TIME AND RESOURCES TO RAISE FLEET AWARENESS
* ORM WORKS
SO WHY ARE WE HERE TODAY????

2. OBJECTIVES Establish a common ORM language
Train all hands on ORM basics:
3 application levels
4 ORM principles
5 steps of ORM process
Group Sessions - ORM Scenario Applications
SIMPLY READ THE SLIDE
DURING THE COURSE OF THIS BRIEF WE WILL WORK THROUGH A SIMPLE SCENARIO.
WHAT EXACTLY IS ORM….I OFFER THIS WORKING DEFINITION

3. WHAT IS ORM ?
A leadership tool used to accomplish the mission with the least risk.
NEXT SLIDE…ORM HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD . (THE AVIATION MISHPA RATE.)

4. ORM GOAL To strive for operational readiness & effectiveness
by managing risk
to accomplish the mission
with minimal loss.
READ THE SLIDE….
HOWEVER, WE HAVE A LONG WAY TO GO BEFORE REACHING THAT GOAL……
HIT THE NEXT SLIDES QUICKLY…..
SHORE GROUND MISHAPS……….

5. USN & USMC SHORE/GROUND MISHAPS
108 DEAD OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS
AVIATION MISHAPS……...
108 dead
over last 5 years

6. USN & USMC AVIATION MISHAPS
133 DEAD OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS
RECREATIONAL MISHAPS……...
133 dead
over last 5 years

7. USN & USMC RECREATIONAL MISHAPS
157 DEAD OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS
SUICIDES………..
157 dead
over last 5 years

8. ? ? ? Why? 350 dead USN & USMC SUICIDES over last 5 years
350 DEAD OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS
AND MOTOR VEHICAL MISHAPS………..
350 dead
over last 5 years

9. 631 dead USN & USMC PMV MISHAPS over last 5 years
631 DEAD OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS
THIS NEXT SLIDE IS INTERESTING….WOULD ANY ONE CARE TO GUESS HOW MANY SHIPMATES WE HAVE LOST IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS??????
631 dead
over last 5 years

10. TOP CAUSES OF DEATHS (1995-1999)
RETORICAL CLICK MOUSE TO CONTINUE
DEATHS FROM MISHAPS EXCEED ALL OTHER CAUSES OF DEATH COMBINED
PMV MISHAPS 34% SUICIDES 19%
There were 9,163 injuries attributed to mishaps resulting in multiple lost work days.
Transition: What was the aviation piece of this mishap pie?
1,846 Deaths

11. NAVY/MARINE AIRCRAFT LOSSES FY 95-99
TYPE AIRCRAFT # LOST
JETS
HELOS
PROPS
Type Aircraft # Lost
AV-8 25
F-5 2
F/A F
F-16 1
EA-6 6
S-3 7
T-2 1
T-34 7
T-44 1
T-45 7
H-1 13
H-3 1
H-46 9
H-53 3 H
P-3 2
WHAT DO THESE LOSSES EQUATE TO???
TOTAL LOST

12. ORM IN SIMPLE TERMS
ORM can be as simple as taking a few seconds to review your current situation.
READ THE SLIDE…
LETS TAKE A LOOK AT A COUPLE OF GUYS WHO ARE DOING JUST THAT
RUN THE BLUES BROTHERS VIDEO CLIP…..

13. ORM IS NOT NEW 776 aircraft destroyed in 1954 22 aircraft destroyed in
1999
Rate 1.44
Angled decks
Aviation Safety Center
Naval Aviation Maintenance Program (NAMP), 1959
RAG concept initiated
NATOPS Program, 1961
Squadron Safety program
System Safety Designated Aircraft
ACT
THOSE OF YOU THAT HAVE BEEN AROUND A FEW YEARS HAVE SEEN THIS SLIDE BEFORE.
EACH MAJOR DECREASE IN THE AVIATION MISHAP RATE CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO A CONCEPT THAT, WHEN EMBRACED, HELPED LOWER THE MISHAP RATE.
TODAY WE ARE CONCERNED WITH THE PLATEAU TO THE RIGHT OF THE CURVE.
FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS WE HAVE NOT SEEN A DISTINCT DECREASE IN THE OVERALL AVIATION MISHAP RATE.
TRANSITION: TO REVIEW, WHAT GOT US TO THIS PLATEAU?
Aircraft Mishap rate 50 65 80 95 FY

14. WHAT GOT US TO THE PLATEAU?
Tried and true principles:
Leadership
Accountability
Creativity
READ THE SLIDE
WE BELIEVE THAT ORM IS A CONCEPT THAT WILL ENABLE US TO BREAK THROUGH TO NEW MISHAP RATE LOWS….
ADOPTING AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TOWARD MANAGING RISK,
A CLOSER EXAMINATION OF HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PRESERVE OUR ASSETS BETTER.
LETS TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT WHAT IS CONTRIBUTING TO THE MISHAP PLATEAU.

15. NAVAL FLIGHT MISHAP CONTRIBUTING CAUSE FACTORSFY
RATE PER 100K FLT HRS
CLICK THE MOUSE TO BRING PIECES OF THE CHART UP ONE AT A TIME.
EVERYONE HERE OWNS A PIECE OF THE MISHAP RATE, MAINTAINERS, AIRCREW, SUPERVISORS.
A RISK MANAGED APPROACH TO YOUR DAILY ROUTINE WILL NOT ONLY LOWER THIS MISHAP RATE, BUT KEEP YOU SAFER THROUGHOUT YOUR DAILY ACTIVITIES BOTH AT WORK AND AT HOME.
SO MUCH FOR THE BACKGROUND….
WHY ARE WE HERE TODAY???

16. WHAT CAN WE DO TO IMPROVE?
Concepts that will help us break through the plateau.
Operational Risk Management
Human Factors Considerations
Technology
WE BELIEVE THAT ORM IS A CONCEPT THAT WILL ENABLE US TO BREAK THROUGH TO NEW MISHAP RATE LOWS….
ADOPTING AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TOWARD MANAGING RISK,
A CLOSER EXAMINATION OF HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO PRESERVE OUR ASSETS BETTER.
NEXT SLIDE - 2YUTES LETS TALK A LITTLE ABOUT COMMUNICATION

17. NEXT SLIDE - THE THREE APPLICATION LEVELS OF ORM

18. ORM TERMS
HAZARD
HAZARD…..
THINK ABOUT YOUR UP COMING DRIVE….
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE HAZARDS????
WHAT WILL THE WEATHER BE??
…..THE VISIBILITY???
IN WHAT CONDITION ARE THE TIRES ON YOUR CAR???
ARE YOU RESTED ENOUGH FOR THE DRIVE AFTER A FULL DAY’S WORK???
LETS LOOK AT A VIDEO CLIP OF SOMEONE THAT DID NOT CONSIDER THE HAZARDS BEFORE TAKING ON A TASK……
RUN CHEVY CHASE VIDEO…..
A condition with potential to cause mission degradation, personal injury or death, or property damage.

19. potential impact of a hazard severity and probability.
ORM TERMS
RISK
READ THE DEFINITION…..
IN OUR EXAMPLE, A RISK WOULD BE SOMETHING LIKE THIS….
IF I DRIVE WHEN I’M TIRED, I COULD WRECK MY CAR IF I FALL ASLEEP AT THE WHEEL. OR
MY TIRES ARE NOT IN THAT GOOD A SHAPE, SO IF IT RAINS HEAVILY DURING MY TRIP, THE CONTROLLABILITY OF MY CAR WILL BE DEGREDED.
THE NEXT DEFINITION IS “SEVERITY”
An expression of the
potential impact of a hazard
in terms of
severity and probability.

20. ORM TERMS
SEVERITY
The worst credible consequence which can occur as a result of a hazard.
READ THE SLIDE………….
ON MY TRIP THIS COMING WEEKEND, I COULD DIE IF I CRASH DUE TO POOR TRACTION OR IF I FALL ASLEEP AT THE WHEEL.
IN THE ORM WORLD WE CAN ALSO CATEGORIZE LEVELS OF SEVERITY.

21. SEVERITY CATASTROPHIC CRITICAL MODERATE NEGLIGIBLE
AS AN EXAMPLE, WE COULD CATEGORIZE THE SEVERITY OF A HAZARD IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER…..
CATASTROPHIC…I FALL ASLEEP AT THE WHEEL AND DIE FROM A CRASH.
CRITICAL…DUE TO WEATHER I FAIL TO BRAKE IN TIME TO STOP AND TOTAL MY CAR IN AN ACCIDENT.
MODERATE…VISIBILITY IS POOR DUE TO RAIN AND I RUN INTO THE BACK OF THE GUY IN FRONT OF ME CAUSING A FENDER BENDER
NEGLIGIBLE … WEATHER WAS POOR SO THE TRIP TOOK ME 2 HOURS LONGER THAN I EXPECTED.
LETS LOOK AT ANOTHER ORM TERM… PROBABILITY...

22. PROBABILITY ORM TERMS An expression of the likelihood that a hazard
READ THE SLIDE
PROBABILITY IS EXPRESSED, MUCH LIKE SEVERITY, IN VARYING DEGREES.
An expression of the
likelihood that a hazard
will cause mission degradation
or result in a mishap or loss.

23. PROBABILITY DEFINITIONS Example Breakdown
LIKELY to occur very soon
PROBABLY will occur in time
MAY occur in time
UNLIKELY to occur
READ THE SLIDE
PROBABILITY AND SEVERITY CONVERGE TO YIELD WHAT WE CALL A RISK ASSESSMENT….

24. IN THAT SEGMENT GOOD OLD CLARK GRISWOLD SIMPLY WANTED TO HIDE SOME CHRISTMAS PRESENTS…BUT HE DID LITTLE IN THE WAY OF IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH VENTURING INTO HIS OWN ATTIC.
THE NEXT DEFINITION WE WILL DISCUSS IS RISK…..

25. The process of evaluating
ORM TERMS
RISK ASSESSMENT
READ THE SLIDE
LETS LOOK AT ANOTHER VIDEO CLIP AND SEE IF YOU CAN SPOT THE RISK ASSESSMENT.
HERE WE HAVE A MAN IN A SITUATION WHERE HE HAS TO MAKE AN ON THE SPOT RISK ASSESSMENT.
RUN THE DIRTY HARRY VIDEO CLIP
The process of evaluating
the associated risks
of identified hazards.

26. ORM TERMS
CONTROL
READ THE SLIDE…..
IN OUR EXAMPLE, IF YOU FEEL THAT IT IS MISSION CRITICAL TO ARRIVE ON TIME AND YOU HAVE ASSOCIATED A HIGH RISK THAT THE WEATHER WILL IMPACT YOU, YOU MIGHT CONSIDER LEAVING EARLIER. (THIS IS A CONTROL)
SUPPOSE IT HAS BEEN 18 MONTHS SINCE YOUR LAST TUNE UP, OR YOUR CAR HAS TWO BALD TIRES - WITH RESPECT TO ARRIVING ALIVE OR OF ARRIVING WITHOUT HAVING AN ACCIDENT MAY BE SUFFICIENTLY HIGH ENOUGH TO WARRANT THE PURCHASE OF NEW TIRES OR A TRIP TO THE SERVICE STATION FOR A TUNE UP.
AGAIN…THESE ARE CONTROLS THAT YOU PUT IN PLACE TO LOWER THE RISK TO AN ACCEPTABLE LEVEL.
CONTROLS CAN SOMETIMES BE AS SIMPLE AS A START UP CHECK LIST, OR A WALK AROUND BEFORE BACKING YOUR CAR OUT OF THE DRIVEWAY.
TAKE A BUDDY TO HELP YOU STAY AWAKE….LEAVE WORK EARLY….INSPECT YOUR CAR BEFORE THE TRIP
ORM IS APPLIED ON MANY DIFFERENT LEVELS…….
A measure for reducing risk for an identified hazard by lowering the probability and/or severity.

27. Drive probability down
Risk Control Desired Effect
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX. AS YOU CAN SEE IT IS A CROSS BETWEEN SEVERITY AND PROBABILITY.
THE WHITE ARROWS SHOW THE DESIRED EFFECT OF CONTROLS. A CONTROL IS SOMETHING YOU CAN DO TO LOWER THE SEVERITY, THE PROBABILITY, OR BOTH.
Drive probability down
NOW, FOR OUR WEEKEND TRIP EXAMPLE… YOU HAVE SEVERAL MISSION CRITERIA….
EACH HAZARD HAS A POTENTIAL IMPACT ON YOUR MISSION CRITERIA….THIS IS THE RISK.
THE IDEA IS TO ASSESS WHAT COULD GO WRONG, AND ATTEMPT TO LOWER THE RISK BY EMPLOYING CONTROLS.
NEXT SLIDE - THE CHALLENGES OF THE NAVAL CULTURE
Drive Severity Down

28. 3 APPLICATION LEVELS Time Critical Deliberate In Depth
Little time, done on the run.
Deliberate
For situations that allow more planning.
In Depth
Long term process with extensive research and planning.
HOWEVER, THERE ARE THREE GENERALLY ACCEPTED APPLICATION LEVELS OF ORM.
READ THE SLIDE
AND THERE ARE KEY PRINCIPLES OF ORM

29. 4 KEY ORM PRINCIPLES 1. Accept risks when benefits outweigh costs.
2. Accept no unnecessary risk.
3. Anticipate and manage risk by planning.
4. Make risk decisions at the right level.
THE 4 KEY ORM PRINCIPLES …
READ THEM AS THEY APPEAR…..
WE NEED TO GET EVERYONE THINKING IN THESE TERMS…..
THESE 4 PRICIPLES AND 3 LEVELS OF ORM RESIDE WITHIN THE 5 STEP ORM PROCESS

30. 5 STEP ORM PROCESS 1. Identify Hazards 2. Assess Risks 5. Supervise
THE FIVE STEP ORM PROCESS
IT BEGINS WITH IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS
ASSESS THE RISKS
MAKE CONTROL DECISIONS
IMPLEMENT THE CONTROLS
AND FINALLY SUPERVISE….
THE PROCESS IS CONTINUOUS……
IT IS THE HALLMARK OF PROFESSIONALS….
LETS LOOK AT THIS NEXT VIDEO CLIP. NOTICE THE FIVE STEP ORM PROCESS IN ACTION… SEE IF YOU CAN SPOT THE HAZARDS, THE CONTROLS, THE SUPERVISION……ARE THE CORRECT DECISIONS MADE AT THE APPRORIATE LEVELS???
RUN THE MISTER ROBERTS VIDEO CLIP
3. Make Control
Decisions
4. Implement
Controls

31. CAUSES OF RISK * Change - The “Mother” of Risk * Resource Constraints
* New Technology
* Complexity
* Stress
* Environmental Influences
* Speed or Tempo of Ops
* Societal Constraints
* High Energy Levels
* Human Nature
THERE ARE MANY CAUSES OF RISK.
CHANGE IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST PREVALENT.
RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS CAN BE $$, TIME, PEOPLE, EQUIPMENT, ETC.
NEW TECHNOLOGY: V-22, NVG’S, LASER WEAPONS, JOINT STRIKE FIGHTER
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES: HAZMAT RULES & MATERIALS, WEATHER IMPACTS
ON OPS
OPTEMPO - HIGH OPTEMPO CAN LEAD TO RUSHED WORK & ERRORS, STRESS, FATIGUE.
LOW OPTEMPO - CAN LEAD TO FATIGUE, COMPLACENCY
SOCIETAL CONTRAINTS - VIEQUES RANGE IMPACTS, AVIANO MISHAP, NOISE
ABATEMENT
ALL IMPACT ON EACH OF US AS HUMANS AND CAN RESULT IN ERRORS OR CHANGES
IN BEHAVIOR.
THERE ARE STILL HURDLES TO OVERCOME….MANY OF THESE ARE CULTRUAL..

32. CULTURAL CHALLENGES
Can do “anything, anywhere, anytime, at any cost” mentality.
“Do more with less” mindset.
Reluctance to say “no.”
Making decisions based on “the way we’ve always done it.”
Letting others worry about our mission hazards.
Doing only what we “have to” and not what we “should do.”
READ THE SLIDE AS THEY APPEAR.
LUCKILY, THERE ARE MANY TOOLS THAT ARE AVAILABLE TO ASSIST US IN OUR ENDEAVOR.

33. ORM TOOLS SHARP/SARA/SQOM NAMP/NATOPS/SOP’S ACT/GCT HFC/HFB
SURVEYS (SAFETY/MCAS/CSA)
TRAINING (Standdowns, GMT, etc.)
ORM Corner stories in magazines
WE ARE MAKING INROADS WITH COMPUTER ASSISTED SCHEDULING.
THERE ARE QUALITY PROGRAMS SUCH AS …..
WE HAVE COCKPIT COORDINATION TRAINING AND HUMAN FACTORS BOARDS.
THE SAFETY CENTER CONDUCTS SAFETY SURVEYS.
YOU CONDUCT SAFETY STANDDOWNS AND TRAINING.
ADDITIONALLY, THE SAFETY CENTER HAS AN ORM WEB PAGE.

34. ORM Website
IN SHORT, WE WANT TO MAKE ORM OUR WAY OF DOING BUSINESS.

35. Make ORM our ORM VISION: way of doing business Three Questions:
What can happen that can hurt me or my mission?
What am I going to do about it?
If I can’t … who am I going to tell?

36. TOP CAUSES OF DEATHS (1995-1999)
WE BELIEVE THAT IF YOU APPLY THIS FIVE STEP PROCESS TO YOUR DAILY ROUTINE, BOTH IN WORK AND AT HOME, THEN THE BARS ON THIS GRAPH WILL BEGIN TO SHRINK, OUR MISHAP RATE WILL DECLINE, AND VALUABLE ASSETS WILL BE PRESERVED.
LETS LOOK AT ONE FINAL VIDEO CLIP. IT REQUIRES A BIT OF SET UP...
IN THIS CLIP YOU WILL SEE AN INSTRUCTOR WATCHING HIS STUDENT DURING A PRACTICAL APPLICATION EXERCISE. THE STUDENT GETS A LITTLE COCKY AND THE INTRUCTOR CAUTIONS HIM THEN OFFERS SOME SAGE ADVICE.
I THINK YOU WILL ENJOY IT.
RUN THE BODY HEAT VIDEO CLIP.
1. Identify
Hazards
2. Assess
Risks
5. Supervise
4. Implement
Controls
3. Make Control
Decisions

38. “And...you gotta try not to get famous while you’re in the act.”
If there is any doubt…then there is no doubt.
Stop what you are doing and and brief it !!!!
Any Questions???