1. Huddersfield University 21 May 2015 SUSTAINABLE AVIATION or HOW AIR TRANSPORT HAS CHANGED OUR WORLD…… FOR GOOD AND BAD How Air Transport Has Changed Our

2. Manchester 1900 The Industrial Capital of the World

3. Manchester 1950 End of the Industrial Age?

4. Manchester 2014 Post Industrial Knowledge Economy

5. Air Transport 1900, 1950, 2000, 2014

6. Headline Statistics ( www.atag.org) 8.7 million direct employment 50 million aviation related tourism 0.5% world trade shipments (35% by value) 1400 airlines 25000 aircraft 4000 airports Friday, 24 January 20146

7. Direct Jobs

8. Indirect Jobs Jobs that support the aviation industry such as: –Catering –Engineering –Airport hotels –Taxi firms –2 x Direct Jobs

9. Induced Jobs The airport attracts businesses to locate in a region. Aviation supports development of an industry (tourism).

10. Global Trade / Business Establishing and maintaining business links Global sourcing of skills

11. Global Sourcing of Goods

12. Travel for Personal Fulfilment

13. International Tourism

14. Accessibility – Some Economies Highly Reliant Upon Aviation

15. Education and Research Economic value Student experience Global Citizenship Speed of scientific development MMU - 16% of CO2 international students

16. The Multicultural Society

17. Global Cultural Events Could not exist in current form without air transport. Significant socio- economic benefits for host and wider. But what are the climate costs?

18. Aviation’s Impact upon the Development of Humankind Global economy Global society. International Political Alliances

19. Aviation, City and Regional Development Important to regional competitiveness. Key role in knowledge capital Access to Global economy Support multicultural society In the Global economy of the 21 st Century, a World class region needs world class air routes.

20. Manchester Global Connectivity

21. Air Travel is Very Attractive to the General Public!

22. But is this Sustainable in a Low Carbon World?

23. Sustainable Development Challenge The social and economic benefits of air transport are significant. BUT the social and environmental costs of air transport are significant also. The costs are now threatening the growth of the industry at both a local and global level This puts at risk the role that air transport will play in the Global society of 50 years time. Friday, 24 January 201423

24. Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. »THE BRUNDTLAND REPORT

25. A Sustainable Society ………..is one in which ……….. –Consumption of resources slower than the Earth can produce them (peak oil). –Production of wastes is slower than the Earth can ‘absorb’ them (climate change). –Physical degradation is minimised. and that ….. –Human needs are met worldwide (millions affected by noise).

26. The Problem is Growth The rate of growth is outstripping the rate of technological development and operational improvement with the result that key environmental impacts are likely to grow. This trend is unsustainable in the longer term.

27. Sustainable Development Compensating for Growth 27

28. Airport Capacity Constraints The capacity of an airport is measured by its –infrastructure – runways, terminals, aprons; Environmental issues can restrict current operations or future growth and prevent full use of infrastructure. Most European airports have environmental constraints.

29. Environment constrains airports when

30. Climate Change 30

31. Aviation Emissions Forecast To Grow 31

32. Technology Improving Same fuel consumption per passenger kilometre as a moped Industry Perspective 32

33. Technology Improving But not Fast Enough Annual fuel consumption of 250,000 cars. Fuel = CO 2 NGO Perspective 33

34. Radical New Designs Needed But these are Decades Away 34

35. So Aviation Has Changed the World in Which We Live – for Good and Bad

36. And This is The Problem……. Activity Tonnes (CO2)% ………………………………………………………………………………. Private car2.512 Heating / cooking / electricity6.632 Public transport 1.3 6 Recreation1.2 6 Food drink catering2.110 Household appliances2.210 Clothing and foot ware0.3 2 Health Hygiene and Education1.0 5 Other1.5 7 …………………………………………………………………………….. Total 19 tonnes Australia20 tonnes

37. Should we Stop Flying and go Back to Blackpool for our Holidays ?