1. 1 Lesson 3: Chapter 4 Saté Quits Her Body Chapter 5 Frustrations of the Sacrifice of Dakña

2. 2 Chapter 4: Sections Verses 1-10: Saté attends the sacrifice & becomes offended Dakña Verses 11-23: Saté angrily speaks to Dakña Verses 24-27: Saté quits her body Lord Çiva’s followers attempt to disrupt the sacrifice Verses 28-37: Lord Çiva’s followers attempt to disrupt the sacrifice

3. 3 Verses 1-10: Saté attends the sacrifice & becomes offended Despite Saté’s torment of having to decide between whether to go to her father’s house or obey the order of her exalted husband, Lord Çiva, she decided to attend her father’s sacrifice. This less intelligent act was due to her being a weak woman. When they saw Saté leaving alone very rapidly, thousands of Lord Çiva's disciples accompanied her like a royal procession. When Saté reached the arena no one received her well out of fear of Dakña, except her mother and sisters. (Contd) Despite Saté’s torment of having to decide between whether to go to her father’s house or obey the order of her exalted husband, Lord Çiva, she decided to attend her father’s sacrifice. This less intelligent act was due to her being a weak woman. When they saw Saté leaving alone very rapidly, thousands of Lord Çiva's disciples accompanied her like a royal procession. When Saté reached the arena no one received her well out of fear of Dakña, except her mother and sisters. (Contd)

4. Saté attends the sacrifice & becomes offended (Contd) She did not reply to the words of her mother and sisters, nor accept their gifts, because her father did not welcome her. Then she noticed that no sacrificial oblations were being offered to her husband. She did not reply to the words of her mother and sisters, nor accept their gifts, because her father did not welcome her. Then she noticed that no sacrificial oblations were being offered to her husband. Although she prohibited Çiva's followers from disrupting the sacrifice or killing Dakña, Saté condemned her father before the entire assembly in great anger for envying such a glorious personality as Lord Çiva, who lives to benefit all. Although she prohibited Çiva's followers from disrupting the sacrifice or killing Dakña, Saté condemned her father before the entire assembly in great anger for envying such a glorious personality as Lord Çiva, who lives to benefit all. 4

5. 5 Verses 11-23: Saté angrily speaks to Dakña Although Dakña simply finds faults, Çiva finds no faults with others but if someone has a little good quality, he magnifies it greatly. Lord Çiva purifies one of all sinful activities. His order is never neglected. No one but Dakña envies him. Although Dakña considered Çiva inauspicious because of his dress and association, great personalities like Brahmä honor him by placing the flowers offered to his feet on their heads with great respect. (Contd) Although Dakña simply finds faults, Çiva finds no faults with others but if someone has a little good quality, he magnifies it greatly. Lord Çiva purifies one of all sinful activities. His order is never neglected. No one but Dakña envies him. Although Dakña considered Çiva inauspicious because of his dress and association, great personalities like Brahmä honor him by placing the flowers offered to his feet on their heads with great respect. (Contd)

6. 6 Saté angrily speaks to Dakña (Contd) If one hears blasphemy of a great soul one should block his ears and go away if unable to punish him. But if one is able to kill, then one should cut out the blasphemer's tongue and kill the offender, and then give up his own life. Therefore Saté declared she would no longer bear the body she received from Dakña, who blasphemed Lord Çiva. If one hears blasphemy of a great soul one should block his ears and go away if unable to punish him. But if one is able to kill, then one should cut out the blasphemer's tongue and kill the offender, and then give up his own life. Therefore Saté declared she would no longer bear the body she received from Dakña, who blasphemed Lord Çiva. Saté’s internal reason for wanting to attend the sacrifice: “…at heart she maintained the idea… that it was useless to continue being envious of Lord Çiva.” SP (16) reveals Saté’s internal reason for wanting to attend the sacrifice: “…at heart she maintained the idea… that it was useless to continue being envious of Lord Çiva.”

7. Verses 24-27: Saté quits her body Thus she sat in yoga posture, meditated on the lotus feet of her exalted husband, purifying herself of all sin, and burned her body to ashes in fiery mystic yoga. é Çrila ä Dakña. Çrila VCT comments that since Saté is mäyä, when she quit her body she simply transferred herself to another, better body (as daughter of Menakä), not necessarily a spiritual body, intending to reunite with Lord Çiva. SP draws parallel between Saté’s purification and that of devotees simply by chanting (27). According to Çrila Jiva Goswämi, she gave up within her heart her relationship with Dakña. Çrila VCT comments that since Saté is mäyä, when she quit her body she simply transferred herself to another, better body (as daughter of Menakä), not necessarily a spiritual body, intending to reunite with Lord Çiva. 7

8. Verses 28-37: Lord Çiva’s followers attempt to disrupt the sacrifice Then there was a tumultuous roar all over the universe. While people were talking about Saté’s death, her attendants readied themselves to kill Dakña with their weapons, but Bhågu Muni by brahminical power immediately uttered hymns from the Yajur Veda by which the destroyers of yajïic performances could be killed immediately. (Contd) Then there was a tumultuous roar all over the universe. While people were talking about Saté’s death, her attendants readied themselves to kill Dakña with their weapons, but Bhågu Muni by brahminical power immediately uttered hymns from the Yajur Veda by which the destroyers of yajïic performances could be killed immediately. (Contd) 8

9. Lord Çiva’s followers attempt to disrupt the sacrifice (Contd) At once thousands of powerful demigods named Åbhus became manifested, and attacked the ghosts and Guhyakas with half- burned fuel from the yajïa fire, thus causing them to disperse. 9

10. 10 Discussion Points AMI Misapplication of the statement: “Divorce takes place due to womanly weakness” (3) Misapplication of the statement: “Divorce takes place due to womanly weakness” (3) PeA/PrA How to respond when a Vaiñëava is insulted (10, 17) Identify reasons why Saté decided to give up her body. (17-18, 23-24, 26) Identify reasons why Saté decided to give up her body. (17-18, 23-24, 26) Discuss the relevance set by her severe example(26) Discuss the relevance set by her severe example(26)

11. 11 Lesson 3 (Contd): Chapter 5 Frustrations of the Sacrifice of Dakña

12. 12 Chapter 5: Section Verses 1-26: The destruction of the sacrifice and the killing of Dakña

13. 13 Verses 1-26: The destruction of the sacrifice and the killing of Dakña When Lord Çiva heard from Närada that Saté, his wife, was now dead he became greatly angry. He immediately snatched a hair from his head, stood up and, laughing like a madman, dashed the hair to the ground, creating a fearful black demon, Vérabhadra. He was as high as the sky and as bright as three suns with very fearful teeth and hairs on his head like burning fire. He had thousands of arms, equipped with various weapons and he was garlanded with the heads of men. Vérabhadra asked with folded hands, "What shall I do, my lord?“ (Contd) When Lord Çiva heard from Närada that Saté, his wife, was now dead he became greatly angry. He immediately snatched a hair from his head, stood up and, laughing like a madman, dashed the hair to the ground, creating a fearful black demon, Vérabhadra. He was as high as the sky and as bright as three suns with very fearful teeth and hairs on his head like burning fire. He had thousands of arms, equipped with various weapons and he was garlanded with the heads of men. Vérabhadra asked with folded hands, "What shall I do, my lord?“ (Contd)

14. The destruction of the sacrifice and the killing of Dakña (Contd) Çiva ordered him to kill Dakña and his soldiers at the sacrifice. Vérabhadra circumambulated Lord Çiva and left. Many other soldiers of Lord Çiva followed him in a tumultuous uproar. At that time, all the persons at the sacrifice wondered where the darkness was coming from. Concluding it was a dust storm, they conjectured “Is the dissolution of the planet now to occur?” (Contd) Çiva ordered him to kill Dakña and his soldiers at the sacrifice. Vérabhadra circumambulated Lord Çiva and left. Many other soldiers of Lord Çiva followed him in a tumultuous uproar. At that time, all the persons at the sacrifice wondered where the darkness was coming from. Concluding it was a dust storm, they conjectured “Is the dissolution of the planet now to occur?” (Contd) 14

15. The destruction… (Contd) Prasüti, Saté’s mother, along with the other women, became very anxious and said, “This danger has been created by Dakña because of the death of the innocent Saté, who quit her body as her sisters looked on.” The gigantic black man bared his fearful teeth. By the movements of his brows he scattered the luminaries all over the sky, and he covered them with his strong, piercing effulgence. While all the people talked amongst themselves, Dakña saw dangerous omens from all sides. (Contd) Prasüti, Saté’s mother, along with the other women, became very anxious and said, “This danger has been created by Dakña because of the death of the innocent Saté, who quit her body as her sisters looked on.” The gigantic black man bared his fearful teeth. By the movements of his brows he scattered the luminaries all over the sky, and he covered them with his strong, piercing effulgence. While all the people talked amongst themselves, Dakña saw dangerous omens from all sides. (Contd) 15

16. The destruction… (Contd) All the followers of Lord Çiva surrounded the arena of sacrifice and thus began to create disturbances by pulling down the pillars which were supporting the pandal of sacrifice, entering the female quarters, destroying the sacrificial arena, and entering the kitchen and the residential quarters. They broke all the pots made for use in the sacrifice, and some of them began to extinguish the sacrificial fire. Some tore down the boundary line, and some passed urine on the arena. Some blocked the way of the fleeing sages, some threatened the women, and some arrested the fleeing demigods.(Contd) All the followers of Lord Çiva surrounded the arena of sacrifice and thus began to create disturbances by pulling down the pillars which were supporting the pandal of sacrifice, entering the female quarters, destroying the sacrificial arena, and entering the kitchen and the residential quarters. They broke all the pots made for use in the sacrifice, and some of them began to extinguish the sacrificial fire. Some tore down the boundary line, and some passed urine on the arena. Some blocked the way of the fleeing sages, some threatened the women, and some arrested the fleeing demigods.(Contd) 16

17. The destruction… (Contd) Maëimän arrested Bhågu Muni, Vérabhadra, the black demon, arrested Prajäpati Dakña, others were also arrested. Vérabhadra tore off the mustache of Bhågu, and forcibly put out the eyes of Bhaga, who had been moving his eyebrows during Bhågu's cursing of Lord Çiva. Vérabhadra knocked out the teeth of both Dakña, who had shown them while cursing Lord Çiva, and Püñä, who, by smiling sympathetically, had also shown his teeth. (Contd) Maëimän arrested Bhågu Muni, Vérabhadra, the black demon, arrested Prajäpati Dakña, others were also arrested. Vérabhadra tore off the mustache of Bhågu, and forcibly put out the eyes of Bhaga, who had been moving his eyebrows during Bhågu's cursing of Lord Çiva. Vérabhadra knocked out the teeth of both Dakña, who had shown them while cursing Lord Çiva, and Püñä, who, by smiling sympathetically, had also shown his teeth. (Contd) 17

18. The destruction… (Contd) Vérabhadra then used the wooden device meant for killing sacrificial animals to behead Dakña, causing the followers of Lord Çiva to rejoice and brähmaëas in charge of the sacrifice to grieve. Vérabhadra then took the head and with great anger threw it into the southern side of the sacrificial fire, offering it as an oblation. Thus Lord Çiva’s followers devastated all the arrangements for sacrifice. After setting fire to the whole arena, they departed for Kailäsa. Vérabhadra then used the wooden device meant for killing sacrificial animals to behead Dakña, causing the followers of Lord Çiva to rejoice and brähmaëas in charge of the sacrifice to grieve. Vérabhadra then took the head and with great anger threw it into the southern side of the sacrificial fire, offering it as an oblation. Thus Lord Çiva’s followers devastated all the arrangements for sacrifice. After setting fire to the whole arena, they departed for Kailäsa. 18