1. IPCI! Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction A Practitioner-Friendly Tool for Monitoring Progress in Parent- Child Interaction www.challengingbehavior.org Judith Carta & Kathleen Baggett Juniper Gardens Children’s Project www.igdi.ku.edu

2. Goals today Tell you what IPCIs are. Describe how they are used. Discuss practice void that IPCIs fill. Describe preliminary efforts at scaling up their use.

3. How can we identify the youngest children with challenging behaviors? Ask parents and caregivers Observe in naturalistic situations Set up natural opportunities for interaction and observe

4. We need to know about caregivers’ behavior too. Caregivers’ behavior often sets the occasion for children’s behavior Caregivers provide a critical context for their children’s development.  High-risk interactions  Supportive/facilitative behavior Enhancing caregivers’ responsiveness is often an important target for intervention

5. Easy-to-use: to screen and identify at-risk interactions with very young children Quick and repeatable: to allow for progress monitoring in the context of interventions Easily trained: So interventionists from varying disciplines can use them efficiently and communicate with each other Traditional psychometric properties What Features Are Needed in an Indicator of Earliest Interactions?

6. What is the IPCI? An experimental measure of parent-child interaction Being field-tested and refined to screen & monitor parent-child interaction For use by early interventionists such as: >Part-C EI Teachers >Early Head Start Advocates >Social Workers >Home Visiting Nurses

7. What does the IPCI Measure?  Parent Behavior  Child Behavior  Dyadic Behavior

8. How is IPCI administered? In family homes or other caregiving settings (centers, foster homes) 4 semi-structured authentic activities are observed for a total of 10 minutes 14 items are rated on a 4-point scale for relative frequency (following observation) Videotaping is not required (except for intervention purposes)

9. What Activities are Observed? Free Play (4 minutes) Book Reading (2 minutes) Distraction Task (2 minutes) Dressing (2 minutes)

10. - ‘Whatever you & your child love to do together’ Mail Free Play Getting Mail.mpgFree Play Getting Mail.mpg Free Play

11. Dressing: ‘What it’s like to get your child dressed’ Video Clip

12. Looking at Books: However you and child would like to use these books’ ‘ Looking at Books.wmvLooking at Books.wmvVideo Clip

13. Distraction Task ‘Please stay on the blanket with your child and keep child away from recorder’

14. IPCI Parent & Child Domains Parental Caregiver Domains  Facilitators  Interrupters Child Domains  Engagement  Distress

15. IPCI Child Domains Child Engagement Positive Feedback Sustained Engagement Follow-Through Child Distress Overwhelmed by negative affect (fussing, whining, crying, difficult-to-read signals) Externalizing behavior (tantrum) Frozen, Watchful, Withdrawn

17. Initial Scaling Up Efforts Website Funding from Early Head Start in KS and Mo to scale up use statewide Funding from ACF to explore use of IPCI by programs and practitioners Funding from OSEP to compare web- based versus in-person training

18. The IGDI Website: ww.igdi.ku.edu

19. Use of Indicators Can Lead to Improvements in Intervention Can help practitioners know more quickly when a change is necessary Can help administrative staff understand when programs need improvements

20. Types of IPCI Reports Interventionists and Supervisors  Assessor certification and use  Child and Family Background  Domain Reports  Essential Element Reports Program Administrator Agency Administrator

21. Uses for Interventionist Reports Progress monitoring Guiding intervention with families Sharing data with parents Reflective supervision Mental health consultation

24. Uses for Program and Agency Administrator Reports Reporting program staff involvement in progress monitoring Reporting frequency of program monitoring and number of families involved Reporting the difference in the number of children and parents whose interactions are at above benchmark following particular program-wide interventions Reporting the difference in number of children and parents whose interactions are at or above benchmark at the end of a program as compared to at entry

26. Conclusion We expect IPCIs will be useful to:  screen for high-risk dyads  monitor progress in dyadic interventions We expect that stronger “interventionist- friendly” measures will lead to more effective interventions.