1. Introduction & Early Embryology
Human Structure & Development
ANHB 2212
Semester 1 – 2008
Dr. Avinash Bharadwaj

2. Welcome! The Promise : Unit Coordinators Lecturers
An exciting unit!
All possible help during the course of the unit
Improvements… already in place
Last year’s SPOT – both 2212 and 1102!
Unit Coordinators
Avinash Bharadwaj
Julie Hill
Lecturers
Assoc Prof Geoff Meyer
Yours truly
+ +
Demonstrators/Tutors

3. Prerequisites other than A&HB Units…?
“Prescribed reading”…
Integrated with learning resources
Available well before the actual classes
In case of difficulty (unlikely )…
… Contact me!

4. More About the Unit www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/anhb2212
Learning load (?) and help
Directed self-study
Pre-lab prep is essential
Resources, especially website
Some resources and features on WebCT.
WebCT URL :
Lab manual – available in co-op shop soon
Textbooks (“Recommended”)
Course Reader : Online, includes “prescribed” reading

5. What’s in It for You? Wide variety of student background and goals
Integrated Structure, Function and Development
Componets are not separable!
Separation in labs inevitable…
Carefully selected content
Relevance to all streams considered
Assessment designed to facilitate all streams
Core topics…
“Other areas”

6. UWA Student email account
Must be activated immediately
Class List s for important announcements
Check your regularly.
Auto redirect to other accounts is not encouraged. Mails coming from other accounts are likely to be auto deleted.

7. ANHB computing account
For accessing web material on G.03 computers
Now can be done through the Histology Lab.
You can do it on Thursday, Week 1 Lab!
You do not need this for computers other than in the A&HB building.
The Unit website is “open” – needs no username or password as of now.

8. Lab Allocation – OLCR Lab time allocations only through OLCR.
If problems persist, see Wendy Colangelo, Ground floor, A&HB Building.
Adjustments done only for genuine reasons, mostly timetable clashes.
Mutual exchange between two students : Both must see Wendy together!
Allocation will settle down in a week’s time!

9. ANHB 2212 – Jane Smith – Embryology question
Communication
Offices : Avinash : 1.77, First floor, A&HB Julie : 1.75, First floor, A&HB
In general, Policy-related mails and those with subject related questions to Avinash Admin-related mails to Julie.
Subject header must include : “ANHB2212”, your name, and a word or two about the subject. E.g.
ANHB 2212 – Jane Smith – Embryology question

10. Teaching Strategies – Lectures
Theme based
Slide-show and printable versions available in advance.
No handouts!
Not incorporated in the lab manual.
Recorded on Lectopia

11. Teaching Strategies – Labs
Anatomy labs : “free movement”.
Visit all tables
Check for exhibits in the centre or on the boards.
Histology labs are “sit-down”!
For Both Labs
Directed self study
Pre-lab study is essential
Attendance/worksheets : Stick to the allotted tutor.
Roving resource persons.

12. Teaching Strategies – Tutorials
Interactive, Q-A sessions.
Usually a week after the topic.
Time to study/understand, identify ‘gaps’.
Questions not supplied in advance!
Essay writing practice during tutorials.
Attendance at Labs and Tutorials is compulsory and recorded.
Penalties apply for absence without valid reason.
Julie regarding absence.

13. Unit Outcomes Detailed specific outcomes listed on the website
Do not read all at once!
Assessment carefully matched with outcomes.
In general…
Critical thinking and analysis is encouraged.
HUGE lot of guidance on the Unit website.
Correct use of language is essential 

14. Actual marks are scaled to these weightages.
Assessment
Continuous assessment : 20% of total unit mark
2x30 min tests – Weeks 5 and 9 (Tutorial hour)
MCQs, Short answer Qs, True / False Qs
End-of-semester Examination :
Written (3 hours) : 50% of total unit mark
MCQs, SAQs, One short essay
Lab (1.5 to 2 hours):
25 – 30 Spot questions : 30% of total unit mark.
Actual marks are scaled to these weightages.

15. Other Assessment Events
Formative, do not count towards final mark.
Short notes / Essays written during tutorials
Marked and returned for feedback
Pre-test in Week 1 Tutorial
Feedback to coordinators
Mock lab test (Week 8) administered as practice. (If possible, also in Week 13).

16. For This Week… Recap (also if you have not done ANHB 1101/1102) :
Course Reader Chapters 1, 2 and 3.
Chapter 2 : Details of mitosis and meiosis not examinable.
Lab preparation : PowerPoint files on the Unit website (Link given on the website).

17. Early Embryology Recap of ANHB 1101/1102 (or equivalent) Many facets…
Tailoring to HSD 2212
Some important concepts

18. Why and How Embryology Gross Form, Correlation Errors in development
Structural
Molecular
(Clinical aspects)
Embryology
Cellular and Molecular
phenomena
Real life aspects
(“non medical”)
Evolutionary mirror

19. Fertilisation Ovum and Oöcyte Second meiotic division
Site of fertilisation
Sperm : Acrosomal reaction
Zona pellucida
Single sperm…

21. Fertilisation Completion of meiosis II Restoration of diploidy
Polar bodies (Also dealt with in Week 11)
Restoration of diploidy
Initiation of cleavage
Chromosomal sex determination
Genetic and evolutionary implications
Paternal and maternal chromosomes
Further mixing during next gametogenesis (crossing over)

22. Cleavage Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio
Division by reduction of cell volume
Planes of cleavage
Polarity…?  Inner cell mass and trophoblast formed later
Transport through the uterine tube
Zona pellucida… retained until implantation

24. Blastocyst Inner cell mass Trophoblast Zona pellucida disappears
Invasive nature
Zona pellucida disappears
Implantation

25. Trilaminar Embryo Epiblast and Hypoblast Hypoblast ≠ entoderm!
Primitive streak
Cell migration
Mesoderm and entoderm E H Y H

26. Notochord & Neural Tube
Axis
Induction…
Neural plate
Neural groove
Neural tube and crest

27. Divisions of Mesoderm
Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral plate

28. Segmentation Paraxial mesoderm “Somites” Each somite  Sclerotome
Dermomyotome

29. Fate of Germ Layers Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
Epidermis (not skin!) ++
Mesoderm
Muscle, Connective (including skeletal) tissues
Some epithelial structures
Parts of urogenital systems
Endothelium of heart and blood vessels
“Serous membranes”
Endoderm
Lining epithelium of digestive system

30. Head, Tail and Lateral Folds
Flat three-layered embryo  … three dimensional tube
Endoderm encloses a cavity  …digestive system
Changes in the relative positions of certain regions
Further correlation with the development of the heart and digestive system

31. The Developing Human – Three Phases
Early development
Embryonic phase – organogenesis
The foetal period
Differentiation, Histogenesis and Functional development
Last Slide