1. Prehistory to Early Civilizations
Paleolithic Era
Civilization
Neolithic Era

2. Prehistory refers to the period of time
after the first civilizations emerged
before written language
When the first nation-states emerged

3. How do we learn about prehistoric humans?
We study their books and ancient writings.
We dig up and analyze what is left of them and the things they made
We study government documents.

4. Who studies past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts?
botonist
historian
archaeologist
Archaeologists study people of the past through the things they left behind.

5. Which is the most accurate way to determine the age of an organic (once living) item?
Compare it to the age of other items found at the same site
Relative dating
Analyze the carbon-14 content (carbon dating)

6. What is the name of this archaeological site located in England?
Parthenon
Pantheon
Stonehenge

7. Aleppo, Jericho, Çatalhöyük, and Stonehenge are all archaeological sites built during the
Paleolithic Era
Neolithic Era
Early civilization
Classical Era

8. in the Fertile Crescent on the Aegean Sea in the Indus Valley
Mediterranean Sea
Aleppo
Jericho
The Neolithic cities pictured on the map grew due to the agricultural advantage of their location
in the Fertile Crescent
on the Aegean Sea
in the Indus Valley
on the Persian Gulf

9. Çatalhöyük is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in
England
Anatolia
Mesopotamia
Egypt

10. Where are the oldest remains of humans found?
Europe
Africa
Asia

11. The scientific name for modern man is
homo erectus
homo habilis
homo sapiens

12. Which era lasted from the emergence of man until the development of agriculture?
Neolithic
Civilization
Paleolithic

13. Another name for the Paleolithic Era is the
bronze age
new stone age
old stone age

14. How did people of the old stone age obtain food?
farming
hunting and gathering
trading

15. All of the following were characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies EXCEPT
nomadic
pottery
C. oral language
D. fire
E. simple tools and weapons

16. Paleolithic people lived in
cities
permanent villages
clans (family groups)

17. The key invention of the Neolithic era was the development of
cities
agriculture
fire
farming

18. permanent dwellings/villages caves/cities
Because they no longer had to migrate in search of food and water, people of the Neolithic Era were able to live in ______ and settle in_______.
tents/clans
permanent dwellings/villages
caves/cities
The key invention that ushered in the Neolithic Age was farming. This invention fundamentally changed the fabric of Mesolithic society because people no longer had to spend all their time hunting, and they were less likely to go hungry when game was hard to find. Additionally, they could built much larger, more permanent dwellings and, perhaps most importantly, this was the first period that people had enough 'spare time' in which to innovate.

19. All of the following are new technologies developed during the new stone age EXCEPT
woven cloth
bronze tools
domesticated animals
pottery

20. What is the key feature of civilization?
permanent dwellings
settled farming
C. cities
The first revolution -- farming -- led to the SECOND GREAT REVOLUTION in history. This revolution also occurred in MESOPOTAMIA and was THE BIRTH OF THE CITY.
More people were located in clusters.
They had a somewhat stable supply of food and a roof to sleep under.
Tasks could become more specialized.
There was enough stability that a variety of arts could be produced.
People could think about trading with other regions.

21. What was the main reason for the growth of cities?
agricultural surplus
urban planning
invention of cement

22. What led to the production of extra food in the earliest civilizations?
The three-field system
the plow, irrigation, and better farming tools
Farm subsidies
Over thousands of years farming technology improved to the point that in fertile areas humans were able to produce more food then they needed.

23. All of the following are characteristics of early civilizations EXCEPT
cities
centralized governments
rigid class system
elected rulers
written language
Writing – record keeping
Advanced technology (metal tools, irrigation systems, architecture)

24. All of the following are characteristics of early civilizations EXCEPT
law codes
job specialization
bronze and iron tools
hereditary rulers
monotheistic religions
Writing – record keeping
Advanced technology (metal tools, irrigation systems, architecture)

25. The earliest written languages (cuneiform, hieroglyphics) developed from
pictograms
letters
sounds
Writing developed to keep records as government, religion, and trade got more complex. Almost all ancient civilizations came up with some form of writing.

26. Job Specialization Match jobs to descriptions:
A. artisans : blacksmiths, brick-layers, potters, weavers
B. scribes : could read and write
C. merchants : bought and sold goods (traded).
Goldsmithing above; brick laying below. Development of Specialized Occupations Artisans, merchants, scribes, and government. Officials led to new skills and knowledge. New ideas came from people trading with other people from other places.

27. Polytheism is the belief in
one God
many gods
no god(s)