1. Unit 8: The Great Depression

2. Next step
Map the causes and effects of the stock market crash visually
Create a graph, chart or visual aid explaining the causes of the crash and its effects

3. Hoover Presidency FDR’s Presidency 1929-1933 1933-1945

4. Hoover’s Response
Hoover believed charity & government programs would just make people dependent
He believed that government shouldn’t intervene to help businesses either
Instead, he predicted that things would get better if everyone worked hard and pitched in

5. When FDR came into office…
¼ of the nation’s workforce was unemployed
¼ million families had defaulted on their mortgages
1.2 million Americans were homeless
FDR elected in 1932
Promised to help people

6. FDR Enacted The New Deal
FDR demanded "broad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe."

7. FDR’s Fireside Chats
FDR began weekly radio addresses called “fireside chats”
In these addresses he tried to reassure and unite the nation
He explained parts of the New Deal and his policies to the American pe0ple

8. The First 100 Days
In FDR’s first 100 days in office, he pushed 15 major bills through Congress
Reshaped every aspect of the economy – from banking and industry to agriculture and social welfare
He called his approach “The New Deal”

9. The New Deal Goals: Relief – Stop the pain Recovery – Fix the problems
Reform – Make sure it never happens again

10. Relief for the people Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Sent funds to local relief agencies
$500 million for those organizations
Created public works programs

11. Public Works Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Helped farmers
Created jobs in underdeveloped rural areas
Provided electricity and flood control
Often seen as the key precursor to the Civil Rights Movement

12. Jobs Programs Public Works Administration (PWA)
In 6 years, spent $6 billion
Built dams, ports, Chicago’s sewer system
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Men between were hired to restore the nation’s parks and forests
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Put 2.6 million men to work in its first month

13. Helping Homeowners & Farmers
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Refinanced mortgages
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Gave farm subsidies

14. Recovery: Fixing Banks
Declared a bank holiday
Glass-Stegall Banking Act of 1933
Created the FDIC to insure banks
Guaranteed all bank deposits under $5,000

15. Recovery: Regulating the Market
Federal Securities Act
Required companies to provide info about their finances if they sold their stock
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Regulated the stock market

16. Reform: Social Security
Aimed to help America’s poor – the elderly, dependent children, the handicapped
Provided monthly stipends
Legacy:
Still America’s largest and most important safety net
Most Americans depend on Social Security to retire

17. Reform: Rural Electrification
Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
By the 1930s, 90% of people in urban areas had electricity, while only 10% in rural areas did
REA provided electricity: eventually 98% of U.S. farms had it

18. Reform: Helping Labor Wagner Act: Legalized union practices
Collective bargaining
Closed shops – some workplaces only open to union members

19. Ultimately…
What finally ended the Great Depression was WWII, which provided millions of jobs and boosted the economy
1940-
America selling arms
1941-
America enters WWII

20. Next Up:
You will examine whether the New Deal was a success or failure
This is something historians still debate today