2. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Data Raw facts and figures. Information Knowledge gained from processing data. Management information system (MIS) Organized method for providing past, present, and projected information to support decision making. Chief information officer Generally assists multiple departments throughout an organization. Field show strong potential for growth. Can prevent gridlock by organizing data.

3. Databases Centralized integrated collection of data resources. Online systems also provide information to decision makers. Business Intelligence Data mining or business intelligence Can help create customer profiles, pinpoint reasons for customer loyalty, analyze the impact of pricing changes, and forecast sales.

4. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR DECISION MAKING Decision Support System Information system that quickly provides relevant data to help businesspeople make decisions and choose courses of action. Executive Support Systems Expert Systems

5. Trends in Information Systems Local Area and Wide Area Networks LANS connect machines within limited areas. WANS tie larger geographical regions together Wi-Fi Wireless network Application Service Providers and On-Demand Computing ASP Specialist in both computers and application support On-demand computing

6. COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE Computers have become indispensable as they have gotten more powerful and less expensive. Types of Computer Hardware Mainframe Minicomputer Personal computer Handheld devices Types of Computer Software Set of instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do. Operating system Application software

7. HOW COMPUTERS HELP BUSINESSPEOPLE Improves the speed and effectiveness of decision making. Make available to everyone accurate, unbiased data. Support team decision making at low levels of an organization’s hierarchy. Collaboration on reports and other projects from different locations. Enterprise Resource Planning System Collects, processes, and provides information. Word Processing Inputs, stores, retrieves, edits, and prints various types of documents. Desktop publishing.

8. Spreadsheets Computerized equivalent of an accountant’s worksheet. Electronic Mail Popular programs include Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express, and Eudora. Presentation Graphics Computer program that includes graphics and tools to produce a variety of charts, graphs, and pictures. Multimedia and Interactive Media Technologies that integrate two or more types of media.

9. INTRANETS, VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS, AND VoIP Intranets A computer network that links employees and other authorized users. Firewalls Virtual Private Networks Secure connections between two points on the Internet. VoIP Special software that transmits phone conversations over the Internet, rather than through telephone lines.

10. PROTECTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS E-Crime Theft or alteration of data. Theft of physical equipment. Computer Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, and Spyware All of them can infect, in addition to computers, handheld devices such as cell phones.

11. DISASTER RECOVERY AND BACKUP Companies use disaster recovery planning to decide how to prevent system failures and continue operations if computer systems fail. Routinely backing up software and data. Some companies offer data backup and disaster recovery services.