1. Computer Fundamentals
IC3 Chapter 1
Computers and Computer Systems

2. List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life
Educational institutions use computers to enhance instruction in all disciplines and to provide online instructions
Video game systems transport you to an imaginary world
Using ATM’s, you can withdraw money from your bank account from almost any location in the world

3. List 5 Ways You Use Computers In Everyday Life (cont)
On television and at the movies, you can see instant replays in sports or amazing special effects that take you to outer space
Mobile computing, text messaging, , and online audio/video conferencing allow you to communicate with people at almost any location

4. Question 2
2. Computers have been around for more than ____ years and were developed in the late ____ and early 1950s. They were designed initially for use by the ____ and the _____. 60
1940’s
Military
Government

5. Question 3
3. What did Dr. Ted Hoff develop in 1971?
Microprocessor

6. Question 4 4. Who built the first Apple computers in 1976? Steve Jobs
Steve Wozniak

7. Question 5
5. In 1980, Bill Gates worked with ____ to develop the ____ ____ ____ (DOS) for the IBM PC which became the PC of choice for businesses.
IBM
Disk Operating System

8. Question 6
A computer is an ____ that receives data, ____ data, stores data, and ____ a result.
Electronic Device
Processes
Produces

9. Question 7
A Computer System Includes:
Hardware
Software
Data
People

10. Question 8
The Hardware Includes:
Wires
Transistors
Circuits

11. Question 9
9. _____ devices such as printers and monitors are also called hardware.
Peripheral

12. Question 10
10. ____ consists of the instructions or programs for controlling the computer.
Software

13. Question 11
11. ____ is text, numbers, sound, images, or video.
Data

14. Question 12
12. List the four steps (in order) for the information processing cycle: Inputs Data, Processes Data, Stores Information and Data, Outputs Information

15. Question 13
13. Listed below are several parts of a computer. Next to each part, determine which function it performs. (I, P, S, O).
Keyboard _____ Monitor _____
Mouse _____ Printer _____
CPU _____ Flash Drive _____

16. Question 14 14. A computer performs only two operations:
Arithmetic Computations
Logical Operations (AND, OR, NOT)

17. Six Types of General Purpose Computers
Desktop and Notebook
Server - Used by small to medium sized companies and can support a few hundred users. (File Server {Network}, Database Server, Web Server)
Mobile Devices

18. Six Types of General Purpose Computers
4. Tablet PC 5. Mainframe Computer - Used by large companies, a large, expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users 6. Supercomputer - Fastest type, government agencies and large corporations used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data

19. Other Computer Devices
Embedded Computers
Portable Music and Media Players
Calculators
Computer Game Systems
Electronic Book Readers

20. 17. What is the CPU?
Brains of the Computer. Contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer make important decisions.

21. 17. What is Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
One of Two Parts of the CPU: Performs arithmetic computations and logical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). These determine what you appears on your screen.

22. 17. What is the Control Unit?
One of Two Parts of the CPU: The boss. Coordinates all of the processors activities.

23. Question 18
18. The smallest unit of measurement is a ______.
Bit

24. Question 19
19. A byte is made up of ______ bits. 8

25. 20. Complete the Table Term Abbreviation Number of Bytes Kilobyte
K or KB
1,024
Megabyte MB
1,048,576
Gigabyte GB
1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB
1,099,511,627,776

26. Question 21
21. _____ is found on the motherboard. The easiest way to remember memory is in terms of short term or long term memory.
Memory

27. Question 22
22. Memory on the motherboard is ____. This is called RAM or ____.
Short-Term
Random Access Memory

28. Question 23
23. When a computer is turned off or loses power, whatever is stored in the RAM will ____.
Disappear

29. Question 24
24. Another type of memory you will find on the motherboard is called ROM which stands for ____. This type of chip ___ that are needed for computer operations. A computer can _____ from a ROM chip, but it cannot write or store data on the chip.
Read Only Memory
Stores Specific Instructions
Read

30. Question 25 25. Magnetic Storage Devices
As disk rotates, it is read by an electromagnetic read/write head
Data is stored by numbered tracks
Data is stored in a File Allocation Table (FAT)

31. Question 25 (cont) 25. Hard Disk Can be internal or external
Data Access is Faster
More Storage Space than removable Drives

32. Question 25 (cont) 25. Magnetic Tape Primarily used to back-up files
Come in a variety of shapes and sizes
Used to store large amounts of data – Process is slow. Used as a back-up to a hard drive

33. Question 25 (cont) Coated with a Hard Plastic Case
25. 3 ½ Inch disks or Zip Disks
Coated with a Hard Plastic Case
Limited storage Capacity
Replaced now by USB storage devices

34. Question 25 (cont) 25. Optical Storage Devices Use Laser technology to
read and write
Storage devices referred to as Discs
CD’s and DVD’s are available in ROM, R, or RW format

35. Question 25 (cont) 25. Solid State Storage Media
Referred to as Removable Media
Done completely electronically, no mechanical parts
Used for cameras, PDA’s, music players, Flash Drives

36. Question 25 (cont) 25. Network Drives
Hard or Tape Drive stored located on a computer other than the user’s local system
Connected to Network and shared by multiple users
Can be accessed from any computer on the network

37. Question 26 26. List rules for caring for storage media:
Avoid Extreme Temperatures
Keep away from magnets
When handling DVD’s and CD’s, hold at the edges
Remove from computer when not in use and store properly