1. Veterinary Terminology Services Lab Va-Md Regional College of Veterinary Medicine The Animal Names Terminology Subset of SNOMED CT ® Suzanne L. Santamaria, DVM, MS Candidate

2. Identification Integration Importance increases

3. Identification of animals is vital Animal name foundation of medical record Mixture of Linnaean and common: – Linnaean terminology for scientific names Class Aves, Bos taurus – Common animal names used by caretakers Bird, cattle, psittacine bird Ambiguity in animal names remains – Cattle = Bos taurus? Cattle = Beefalo? Cow? – Cattle = any animal of subfamily Bovinae that is commonly domesticated, varies by country of origin and regulatory authority staring over the fence.

4. Identification of animals is vital Electronic recording & transmission increasing Free text entries problematic Incompatible standard lists problematic Need common terminology – between systems and users – integrates both Linnaean and common name – SNOMED-CT determined suitable

5. Extending SNOMED for veterinary use Veterinary content in SNOMED core is NOT sufficient for clinical or regulatory use SNOMED core updates slowly (q. 6 mo) Veterinary content is low priority Our Solution? – Extension Our lab maintains a veterinary extension Currently used by USDA, AAHA, & AAEP

6. Implementation in veterinary medicine: Subset mechanism ALL of SNOMED too large for any given use Different groups prefer different phrases Our Solution? – Subset Update subset as often as desired Our lab maintains numerous subsets – USDA: Breeds, species, specimens, lab tests, etc. – AAHA, AAEP: Diagnostic terms

7. Animal names terminology is a starting point Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, cats, horses, birds, aquatic animals, zoo animals, wildlife Classified by Linnaean ranking, common name, production use, sex, etc. Integrates with SNOMED core Advantages of SNOMED Subsets allow tailoring for groups Concepts will be added and removed as needs change

9. Example: Laying chicken Concept Polyhierarchy Descriptions Formal definitions Text definition: Female chicken which produces egg for human food consumption

10. Descriptions enhance utility DescriptionDescription Type Chicken laying egg for human food Preferred (in SNOMED) description is displayed in SNOMED’s core and VTSL extension browsers. Laying chicken Additional descriptions may be marked preferred for other uses (e.g., computer display at clinic)

11. Each concept has a set of relationships that “define” it ‘Is A’ relationships form a polyhierarchy – Laying chicken is a subtype of Gallus gallus AND is a subtype of Food animal Other relationships give details – Laying chicken quality of female AND role of producing eggs for human food

12. Animal hierarchy adaptable SNOMED core/extension relationship Optional subset relationship

13. Example: Animal and hierarchy below

14. Example: Dairy bull Subset Preferred Description SNOMED Preferred Description Formal definitions

15. Example of text definitions Dairy bullAdult male cattle which produce offspring that will be raised to produce milk Dairy calfYoung dairy cattle which are physically immature, typically from birth to weaning Dry cowAdult female cattle that has produced milk at some point but is not currently producing milk Replacement dairy calfYoung dairy cattle that will enter milk production at maturity Dairy cowMature female dairy cattle Dry dairy cowAdult female dairy cattle that has produced milk at some point but is not currently producing milk

16. SNOMED adopted by many organizations

17. Animal names terminology used by some organizations

18. Demo VTSL SNOMED browser of animal names subset at http://vtsl.vetmed.vt.edu/http://vtsl.vetmed.vt.edu/

19. Questions?

20. Medical concept in SNOMED: Pneumonia due to Streptococcus

21. SNOMED’s power is in its data structure Concept Synonym handling (descriptions) Polyhierarchy Relational/defining mechanism Text definitions, translations History mechanism Extension Subsets

22. SNOMED is a concept based terminology Concept = an idea which conveys a single, unambiguous, reproducible meaning. Concepts must have a definable meaning (non-vagueness) Concepts cannot have more than one meaning (non-ambiguity) Meanings correspond to no more than one concept (non-redundancy)

23. SNOMED contains unique and permanent concept identifiers Concept identifierFully Specified NameConcept Status 27161000009106 Chicken laying egg for human food (organism) 0 These things maintain the integrity of YOUR information Meaningless numeric identifier Guaranteed unique within SNOMED and never reused Once created, the meaning of a concept does not change Concepts can be retired but are never deleted/removed!

24. Introducing Animal Names subset Animal names: Linnaean and common SNOMED’s structure facilitates information organization SNOMED adopted by others Animal names subset specialized for CVM Starting point for an animal names terminology for CVM

25. Features of Animal Names subset FDA CVM chooses: – preferred names/phrases – what’s allowed – how terms are defined – what to distribute Subset grows gracefully over time Subset will align with other ontologies used in biomedical and clinical research Subset can be divided: – Approved animal in SPL – MUMS “species” – Adverse event reporting