Label Your Foldable: Magna Carta Mayflower Compact

Label Your Foldable: Magna Carta Mayflower Compact
English Bill of Rights Common Sense Students should label the front of flaps according to the diagram provided on the slide. Inside, students should write on the appropriate flap 1. information about the document 2. the main ideas expressed in the document. FLREA Copyright 2012

Inspiration for a New Nation
Where did the colonists and the Founding Fathers get their ideas about our government? Ask students where they think the colonists and Founders got their ideas about our government. Discuss responses. FLREA Copyright 2012

This was the first example Specifically, a limited monarchy
Magna Carta This was the first example of limited government. Specifically, a limited monarchy Why is the concept of “limited government” important? What would a government without limits be like? The main ideas in the Magna Carta are limited government and the Rule of Law. Discuss why limited government is so important. Try to have students make a connection to Montesquieu and the separation of power and the need to check power. Rule of Law will be further discussed on the following slide. FLREA Copyright 2012

The Magna Carta also addressed the “Rule of Law”
What do you think “Rule of Law” means? No one – not the King, the President, celebrities, you, the teacher, the principal – is above the law. Everyone is equal under the law RULE OF LAW Ask students what they think “rule of law” means. Discuss responses. The Rule of Law is that no one is above the law and the law applies to everyone. Ask students if they think this is important to outline in a government. If so, why? If not, why not? FLREA Copyright 2012

Inspiration for the Nation
Magna Carta Inspiration for the Nation Limited Government Rule of Law This slide will appear multiple times to outline all of the main ideas from the documents the Founders used in moving towards declaring independence and utilizing in the creation of the new government. FLREA Copyright 2012

Mayflower Compact Written aboard the Mayflower in 1620 before the ship landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. Signed by most passengers on the voyage Image from “…Having undertaken…a Voyage to plant the First Colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these present solemnly and mutually in the presence of…one another, Covenant and Combine ourselves together into a Civil Body Politic, for our better ordering and preservation…to enact constitute, and frame such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and offices from time to time , as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony…” Students should write facts about the Mayflower compact in the appropriate section of the foldable note taker. Either read the quote aloud to the students or have multiple students read different sections. Discuss the quote with the students, focusing on the highlighted portions. The highlighted portions discuss the ideas of self government, social contract, and the need for government to maintain order. FLREA Copyright 2012

Here is a short video about the Mayflower Compact:
Click video for a short history of the Mayflower Compact. Should you experience problems with the video, click HERE. FLREA Copyright 2012

Mayflower Compact This document served as an example of self government and consent of the governed. Why would government be necessary according to the Mayflower Compact? Why would the colonists want to create a document establishing self government? Discuss the main ideas of self government and consent of the governed (make connection to John Locke). Review what it would be like to live in a state without any government and discuss the need for government to maintain order and to protect the rights of those living under the government. “…For our better ordering and preservation…” FLREA Copyright 2012

Inspiration for the Nation Consent of the Governed
Magna Carta Inspiration for the Nation Mayflower Compact Limited Government Rule of Law Self Government Consent of the Governed FLREA Copyright 2012

English Bill of Rights Written in 1689 in England
Authored by members of Parliament (the legislative branch, or the branch that makes laws) This document established a limited monarchy (king) and gave more power to Parliament. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Discuss the facts about the English Bill of Rights. Have student read the quotes aloud. Discuss the meaning on each quote. Blue quote: no excessive bail or fines, no cruel and unusual punishment (later found in the Constitution) Green Quote: Freedom of speech and debate in parliament is not to be limited or questioned out of parliament “That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament.” FLREA Copyright 2012

English Bill of Rights The monarchy was not allowed to:
Collect taxes without consent of Parliament Interfere with the right to free speech and debate in Parliament Maintain an army in peace time Require excessive bail or cruel punishments for those accused or convicted of crimes Declare laws made by Parliament should not be obeyed The English Bill of Rights created a limited monarchy and thus, a limited government. It also reinforced the idea of Rule of Law. Here we have another example of limited government. Specifically, a limited monarchy FLREA Copyright 2012

Also in the English Bill of Rights …
RULE OF LAW The English Bill of Rights included limits on the power of the king. FLREA Copyright 2012

“Common Sense” Written by Thomas Paine Published in 1776
Challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. First work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain. Discussed the purpose of government and the need for independence from Great Britain Students should write information about Common Sense in the appropriate section on their foldable note taker. Oil painting by Auguste Millière (1880) from FLREA Copyright 2012

Common Sense Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil…Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. Have students read the quote aloud. Discuss the key points highlighted. The main function of government is to provide security for the people with the least expense to the people (not sacrificing their rights) and the greatest benefit to all. FLREA Copyright 2012

Magna Carta Inspiration for the Nation Mayflower Compact Limited Government Rule of Law Self Government Consent of the Governed Limited Monarchy Purpose of Government – security of the people English Bill of Rights Common Sense FLREA Copyright 2012

Where did the Articles of Confederation go Wrong?
Congress was not given any power to tax the people No taxes=no money to run the country Make it Modern! If there was no power to tax (raise money to run the country), what would be missing in the United States today? Answer: Taxes are used to provide highways and public transportation, roads, schools, prisons, law enforcement, parks, medical care (in some cases), welfare, fire departments, courts, libraries, and running the government. Question for discussion: What would the United States be like if we were missing all of these things?

Congress had no power to enforce its own laws in the states No enforcement=people in various states doing what they want Make it Modern! If there was no enforcement of laws, what would the United States be like today? Answer: Laws that impact the whole country would have no value if they were not enforced. For example, the requirement to pay taxes to the federal government would have no value under the Articles of Confederation. Side note: There was no power to tax in order to fund law enforcement. This also made the enforcement of laws difficult to impossible.

Congress could not make states follow trade agreements with other nations Bad trading relations with other counties = no international trade Make it Modern! If no one followed trade agreements with other nations, what would the United States be like today? Answer: The United States would not be a part of the international economy, limiting businesses from trading with countries outside of the United States. The United States would not be able to legally import items like coffee, clothing, automobiles, or any foreign made objects, thus creating a higher cost of living in the United States. Without trade agreements, international relations would be very tense.

Congress could not regulate trade between the states. High trading taxes between states = difficulty trading goods = slow business = lost jobs Make it Modern! If the government could not regulate trade between the states, what would state relations be like? Answer: State trade relationships would be very tense, like the international example. States could set their own regulations and taxes, thus creating slow and expensive processes for trading. If certain states set a ban on trading with other states, states could prohibit the movement of goods through their state (creating geographical trade issues).

Citizens in states thought their property rights were being violated Violated property rights = need for national government to check the states Make it Modern! If there were no property rights for citizens, what would the United States be like today? Answer: Without the national government protecting the property rights of the people, the states could have the power to manipulate policy to benefit those in the majority and forget about those in the minority. This would lead to corruption in government, people being stripped of their rights, and discrimination against those not in power without a national government to check the power of the state government. Click HERE to see how countries rank in the 2012 International Property Rights Index

There was no national court system No national court system = different systems by state = confusion in the justice system Interstate issues would have no courts to go to on the federal level No means of checking the laws of the legislature Make it Modern! If there were no national court system, what would the United States be like today? Answer: We would have a confusing justice system with no one to settle disputes between states or check the laws of the national government. All cases would have to be handled between states, which becomes complicated since states have different laws and methods of handling disputes.

There was no executive branch for the central government This means there was no President or party responsible for enforcing laws; no authority behind the laws There was no figure head for the government No means of checking the policies created by the legislature (what happens when all power is in one branch of government?) Make it Modern! If there were no executive branch, what would the United States be like today? Answer: The United States would have no Commander in Chief of the military, ambassadors (representatives of the United States) to other countries, updates on the state of government, ability to override the laws of the legislative branch, appointment of judges to federal courts or the U.S. Supreme Court (neither of which would exist under the Articles).

It required a unanimous vote to make changes to the Articles This made it very difficult to make any changes to the Articles Federal laws required that 9 of the 13 states approve a new law; hard to pass new laws that might be needed. Make it Modern! If there were a requirement to reach a unanimous decision to amend the U.S. Constitution, what would the United States be like today? Answer: None of the amendements to the United States Constitution have ever passed with a unanimous vote. The exercise on the slide will show students which amendments we would be missing if it was required to have a unanimous vote to amend the U.S. Constitution. Using your copy of the Constitution, read the amendments in the United States Constitution that would not have been added if there had been a requirement for a unanimous decision to include that amendment. List 3 Amendments you think are the most important that have been added since the ratification of the Constitution and discuss what the United States would be like without those amendments.

27 Amendments XV (15) rights not to be denied because of race XVI (16)
I (1) freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition II (2) right to bear arms III (3) quartering of troops IV (4) search and seizure V (5) due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination VI (6) jury trial, right to counsel VII (7) common law suits VIII (8) excess bail or fines, cruel and unusual punishment IX (9) rights not named X (10) powers reserved to states XI (11) lawsuits against a state XII (12) election of president and vice president XIII (13) abolition of slavery XIV (14) due process, equal protection, privileges of citizens XV (15) rights not to be denied because of race XVI (16) income tax XVII (17) Direct election of senators XVIII (18) Prohibition (no alcohol) XIX (19) women's right to vote XX (20) presidential term and succession XXI (21) repeal of Prohibition XXII (22) president limited to 2 terms XXIII (23) presidential vote for persons in D.C. XXIV (24) no poll tax XXV (25) presidential succession XXVI (26) right to vote at age 18 XXVII (27) compensation of members of Congress Briefly review the Amendments with students.

What FOrms of government are out there?
Exploring Governments Throughout the World

Where did the Founders get a model for government?
The Founders modeled our government based on the Roman Republic. “Republic” comes from the latin “res publica” which means thing or property of the people. So, a republic is a country that has a government in which power is held by the people. WORD WALL WORD! For Word Wall Words, write these on a sheet of paper and place on a designated civics word wall in the classroom. Compile throughout the year. FLREA © 2012

WORD WALL WORD! What is a “Democracy”?
Democracy is literally defined as “rule of the people” This means that a government that takes the form of a democracy is one in which all citizens can exercise some kind of political power What are some examples of “political power” citizens can exercise? Voting Running for office Contacting public officials Discuss definition of democracy. Ask students for examples of how they can exercise political power by participating in government. *For Word Wall Words, write these on a sheet of paper and place on a designated civics word wall in the classroom. Compile throughout the year. FLREA © 2012

What kinds of republican government are there?
Direct Democracy Based on the definition of “democracy” how would you define a direct democracy? Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of direct democracy! Representative Democracy What is a “representative”? An elected person to act and speak on behalf of others Based on the definition of “representative” and “democracy”, how you would define representative democracy? Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of representative democracy! 1. Have students generate their own definition of what they think “direct democracy” means. Discuss responses. 2. Next, have students create an illustrated definition of “direct democracy”. A graphic will be provided in subsequent slides. 3. Discuss the definition of “representative”. Have students create their own definition of what “representative democracy” might mean. 4. Next, have students create an illustrated definition of “representative democracy”. A graphic will be provided in subsequent slides. FLREA © 2012

What is direct democracy?
Direct democracy is a government where the people have an individual voice in government. Government Explain the diagram as each individual being allowed to have a say in their government. There is a “direct” connection between the people and the government. FLREA © 2012

It is what is best for the most amount of people…
What would you say… The advantages are to direct democracy? Every individual has a voice in government Works well in small communities. If we take a vote in the classroom, we are acting as a direct democracy. The disadvantages are to direct democracy? Too many voices at once Only works in small communities Not efficient What do you mean? WORD WALL WORD! Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a direct democracy as outlined in the PowerPoint. The graphic will display multiple rounds of people trying to participate in government. The visual is intended to capture the chaos that can be direct democracy when there are too many voices. Government What is the common good? It is what is best for the most amount of people… Individual becomes greater than the common good FLREA © 2012 FLREA Copyright 2012

Common Good Common good – good of the community as a whole
When do we act in favor of the common good on a daily basis? For example, if I were ordering pizza for the whole class, would I just order my favorite (and we will pretend my favorite is anchovies with pineapple) or would I get something that the class as a whole would enjoy (like plain cheese or peperoni)? Acting in favor of the common good puts the group before the individual. Why is this a good thing? Ask students how (or if) they serve the common good on a daily basis. FLREA © 2012

What is Representative Democracy?
Representative democracy is a system where individuals have a voice in government through elected representatives Government Discuss the graphic: each group selects a representative to represent their interests in the government. The people are able to establish a direct link to government through their representative. FLREA © 2012

What would you say… The disadvantages are to representative democracy?
The advantages are to representative democracy? Representatives are elected to represent the common good instead of individual interests Representatives make the system more efficient – it’s their job to know the laws and the system People get a say in government through someone elected by the people Works well in large areas with diverse populations The disadvantages are to representative democracy? Individuals must set aside their private interests and personal concerns for the sake of the whole – some people are not comfortable with this Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of representative democracy as outlined on the slide. FLREA © 2012

SPEED DATE! ONE MINUTE Everyone stand up.
Half of the class, go to one side of the room. The other side of the class, go to the other side. Line up facing each other. You will have 1 minute each. One side will speak, the other side will listen only. After one minute, the other side may speak. You must use the entire minute to explain your answer! After each side has spoken, one line will shift down one person. The person on the end will go to the other end of the line. Follow PowerPoint directives to set up the “Speed Date” discussion question. Students will answer the same question when rotating, giving them multiple opportunities to think through their response to the question. Students will also get to hear different perspectives by speaking with multiple students. This activity can be modified based on time and cooperation of the students (you may choose to do fewer rounds, create multiple lines in your classroom resulting in smaller groups of students. Modify to meet the demands of the classroom. ONE MINUTE FLREA © 2012

Answer this question: What do you think is more important: Individual interests or the common good? Students should respond to the question posed by talking with their match during the different rounds. Students should engage in civil conversation and act in an orderly fashion during the activity. FLREA © 2012

So we learned about representative governments….
What other kinds of governments are out there? Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Communism Monarchy Oligarchy Autocracy Saudi Arabia In the following slides descriptions of the following governments will be provided: communism, monarchy, oligarchy, and autocracy. North Korea Vietnam FLREA © 2012

As these governments are being discussed…
Draw a diagram of the government we are discussing. Think about the definition and illustrate the definition in a way that makes sense to you. Some examples would be the direct democracy and representative democracy diagrams: Students should individually draw a diagram of the government being discussed. Allow 5 minutes per government for the students to draw. Government Government FLREA © 2012

Communism In a communist government, the government believes in owning all means of production and eliminating private property This means that all things are owned by the government and shared by the people. The intention of this system is to ensure that everyone has equal access and property However, this system can become corrupt quickly with the government removing all rights of the people Discuss the definition with the class. Have students write a brief definition of each type of government on Handout 1. Allow students 5 minutes to create a visual individually. Vietnam FLREA © 2012

King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
Monarchy A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress. The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has absolute power, like in Saudi Arabia. But a constitutional monarchy, like the United Kingdom, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control. Image from the New York Post King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia Discuss the definition with the class. Have students write a brief definition of each type of government on Handout 1. Allow students 5 minutes to create a visual individually. FLREA © 2012 Queen Elizabeth II

Oligarchy A government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority generally is based on wealth or power This power may not always be exercised openly. Oligarchs sometimes prefer to remain the “power behind the throne.” A modern example of oligarchy could be seen in South Africa during the 20th century where oligarchy was based on racism. Discuss the definition with the class. Have students write a brief definition of each type of government on Handout 1. Allow students 5 minutes to create a visual individually. FLREA © 2012

Autocracy A government ruled by a single leader who has unlimited power and denies peoples’ fundamental rights. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. One person is in charge and often takes over by force. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Sadam Hussein were examples Discuss the definition with the class. Have students write a brief definition of each type of government on Handout 1. Allow students 5 minutes to create a visual individually. FLREA © 2012

What Do these Governments Look Like?
The following slides will provide visual examples of governments. Compare with student drawings.

Communism Government Government Government FLREA © 2012
Communism is depicted as the government having possession of all property and having control over the people. Although there is often times a figure head, much of the control is in a small group within the government. FLREA © 2012

What else is there? Another type of government is anarchy.
Anarchy is when there is a complete breakdown of government and the people fall into a start of chaos. There is no organization or control. FLREA © 2012

What else is there? Socialism is an economic system and political theory First, what is an economic system? A system of production and consumption of goods and services of a community This includes the wealth and resources of a nation The government’s role (or absence of a role) in the regulation of business and production. Socialism is an economic system which Promotes collective or governmental ownership Administration of the means of production and distribution of goods by government or collective groups This results in no free, competitive, private businesses Socialism is listed in benchmark SS.7.C.3.1 along with other forms of government. However, it serves more as an economic system and political theory than an actual system of government. Socialism is a form of economic system within a government – like communism for an example. FLREA © 2012

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Label Your Foldable: Magna Carta Mayflower Compact

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