1. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
-Code
-blueprint
-hereditary
material

2. I Can: Identify parts of a DNA Molecule
Do Now:
1. How are DNA, genes and chromosomes related?
DNA contains many genes that are wrapped with special proteins to make a chromosome 2

3. Key Vocabulary
DNA – hereditary material that is passed from parent to offspring
Gene – piece of DNA containing information for making a specific protein
Chromosomes – DNA wrapped around special proteins that keep it together.
Genome: complete set of genes in an organism
These are some vocabulary words I would like for you to be familiar with.
Hereditary: passed form parent to child
Offspring: children

4. DNA Structure
Double Helix – Two strands that look like a twisted ladder
Made up of millions smaller parts called Nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has:
Phosphate group
sugar
base

5. Nucleotides
Phosphate
Base
Sugar

6. Nucleotides Phosphate and sugar form the sides Bases form the “steps”.
There are four types of bases:
A, T, C, & G

7. Nucleotides A
Adenine T
Thymine C
Cytosine G
Guanine

8. Complementary Base Pairing
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Form a base pair.
Form a base pair.

9. Complementary Base Pairing
The order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

10. A C T G G A T C

11. I can: Explain how DNA copies itself
Do Now:
1. The sides of a DNA molecule are made up of _________.
2. The steps of the DNA molecule are made up of ________.
3. The four bases in DNA are ________.
4. Write the sequence of bases for the second strand:
A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G
Sugar and phosphate group
bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
T C C - G A G – T T C - A G G – A T C

12. What is DNA Replication?
Copying DNA in a cell before it divides
How much DNA do we need to copy?
bacteria: 3 million base pairs
humans: 3 billion base pairs

13. Where does it happen?

14. Why does it happen?
So daughter cells have a complete copy of the parent DNA ? ? ? ?

15. When does it happen? Remember Interphase in mitosis?
S-phase or synthesis

16. How does DNA replicate?
Semi-conservative: New DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand

17. I can: Explain how DNA copies itself
Do Now:
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
Where in the cell does DNA replicate?
DNA replicates semi-conservatively. What does semi-conservative mean?
HW: page 57 # 1-6
INTERPHASE
NUCLEUS
New DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

18. Key Vocabulary
Replication fork – site where DNA is separated and copied
Enzymes – made by living things; proteins with a specific function (saliva)
Helicase separates two strands of DNA
DNA Polymerase adds new bases
Sequence: order of bases – ATCGCAT
These are some vocabulary words I would like for you to be familiar with.
Hereditary: passed form parent to child
Offspring: children

19. How does DNA replicate? 1. Replication Fork
Site where DNA is separated and copied

20. The Enzymes
Helicase: separates or “unzips” the two strands of the double helix

21. The Enzymes
DNA polymerase: adds new bases and proofreads the bases

22. Video Clip

23. Step 1: Helicase separates the two strands

24. Step 2: DNA Polymerase adds bases to copy each strand of DNA

25. Step 3: Two new DNA molecules are created

26. Write the complementary DNA strand for each of these DNA strands:
GAATTACA
CCAATTAG
ATAGACAG
DNA
CTTAATGT
GGTTAATC
TATCTGTC

27. DNA Replication Review
After replication, the new DNA molecule has one _______ strand and one ______ strand
Sites where DNA separation & replication occur are called: __________ _______
DNA separates into two strands by the enzyme called __________.
The enzyme ________________ adds bases along the original DNA strand.
old new
Replication fork
Helicase
Polymerase

28. I can: compare and contrast DNA and RNA
DO NOW:
What are the functions of Helicase and DNA polymerase?
Helicase unwinds DNA
DNA Polymerase adds new bases

29. Think Pair Share Your custom bike

30. What are genes. Where are they located. What are ribosomes
What are genes? Where are they located? What are ribosomes? Where are they located?
Instructions for a protein
Nucleus
Make proteins
cytoplasm
Ribosome
(Gene)
DNA
Protein
RNA

31. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA )Structure
Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)
T pairs with A, but A pairs with U
C pairs with G
Single strand
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the sequence for making a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
DNA: A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G
mRNA: U C C - G A G - UU C - A G G - A U C

32. Quickdraw: How does DNA lead to a trait?
RNA
Protein
Trait
Stays in the nucleus
Holds instructions for making proteins
Used as body structures (muscle, bone, skin, hair), enzymes, hormones, etc.
Made in the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm
Observable characteristic
“Who you are”