3. Spring 2004

4. Pennsylvania's Herpetofauna (Translation: Our state’s reptiles & amphibians) Frogs & Toads16 species Salamanders22“ Turtles13“ Lizards 5“ Snakes21“

5. Learning about Herpetology

7. Classification of the Northern Spring Peeper Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata sub-phylum Vertebrata Class Amphibia Order Salientia Family Hylidae Genus Pseudacris SpeciesPseudacris crucifer SubspeciesPseudacris c. crucifer

9. Salamanders

10. Salamander Topography

11. Nasolabial Groove

12. Salamander Teeth

13. Salamander Life Cycle

14. Salamander Courtship

15. Spermataphores

16. Salamander Eggs

17. Salamander Larvae

18. Balancers on larval ambystomid

19. Texas Blind Salamander

20. Hellbender

21. CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE (Giant Salamanders) Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

22. PROTEIDAE (Mudpuppy Family) Necturus maculosus

23. SALAMANDRIDAE (Newts) Notophthalums viridescens

24. AMBYSTOMATIDAE (Mole Salamanders) Ambystoma maculatum

25. PLETHODONTIDAE (Lungless Salamanders) Plethodon cinereus

26. Salamandridae Red-spotted Newt Notopthalmus viridescens Red Eft Adult Newt

27. Ambystomatidae Mole Salamanders Genus Ambystoma

28. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Jefferson Salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum

29. Jefferson Salamander

30. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Spotted Salamander Ambystoma maculatum

31. Ambystomatidae Marbled Salamander Ambystoma opacum

32. Ambystomatidae Eastern Tiger Salamander Ambystoma tigrinum

33. Kelley’s Island Salamander

34. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Desmognathus Dusky Salamanders

35. Plethodontidae Northern Dusky Salamander Desmognathus fuscus

36. Plethodontidae Mountain Dusky Salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus

37. Round Mountain Dusky Salamander Keeled Northern Dusky Salamander

38. Plethodontidae Northern Seal Salamander Desmognathus monticola

39. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Plethodon

40. Plethodontidae Red-backed Salamander Plethodon cinereus

41. Plethodontidae Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus

42. Valley and Ridge Salamander

43. Plethodontidae Ravine Salamander Plethodon richmondi

44. Plethodontidae Wehrle’s Salamander Plethodon wehrlei

45. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Hemidactylum

46. Plethodontidae Four-toed Salamander Hemidactylum scutatum

47. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Aneides

48. Plethodontidae Green Salamander Aneides aeneus

49. Green Salamander

50. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Eurycea Stream Salamanders

51. PLETHODONTIDAE Two-lined Salamander Eurycea bislineata

52. Two-lined Salamander

53. Plethodontidae Longtail Salamander Eurycea longicauda

54. Plethodontidae Cave Salamander Eurycea lucifuga

55. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Gyrinophilus

56. Plethodontidae Spring Salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus

57. Plethodontidae Lungless Salamanders Genus Pseudotriton

58. Plethodontidae Northern Red Salamander Pseudotriton ruber ruber

60. Plethodontidae Four-toed Salamander Hemidactylum scutatum

61. Northern Dusky Salamander

63. Two-lined Salamander

65. Slimy Salamander

66. Tiger Salamander

67. Jefferson’s Salamander

68. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Blue-spotted Salamander Ambystoma laterale

69. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Tremblay’s Salamander Ambystoma tremblayi

70. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Silvery Salamander Ambystoma platineum

71. AMBYSTOMATIDAE Smallmouth Salamander Ambystoma texanum

72. Frogs and Toads

73. Toad Topography

74. Frog Topography

75. Anatomy

76. Pelobatidae: Spadefoots Eastern Spadefoot Toad Scaphiopus hobrooki

77. Bufonidae: Toads Warts: one or two in each large spot. Three+ in each large spot.

78. American Toad Bufo americanus

79. Fowler’s Toad Bufo foweleri

80. Hylidae: Tree Frogs

81. Gray & Cope’s Tree Frog Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysocelis

82. Spring Peeper Pseudacris crucifer Hear Me!

83. Ranidae: True Frogs

84. Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

85. Green Frog Rana clamitans

86. Pickerel Frog Rana palustris

87. Leopard Frog Rana pipiens

88. Wood Frog Rana sylvatica

89. Interesting Froggy Websites National Prairie Wildlife Research Center http://www.http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/narcam/idguide/specieid.htmhtm Lang Elliott, NatureSound Studio http://www.http://www.clarityconnect.com/webpages2/naturesound/frogs/frogs.html

90. Snakes

92. Scales

93. Anatomy: Anal Plate

94. Pennsylvania Snakes belong to two families: Colubridae Viperidae

95. Colubridae E. Worm Snake Kirtland’s Snake N. Black Racer N. Ringneck Snake Black Rat Snake E. Hognose Snake E. Kingsnake E. Milk Snake N. Water Snake Rough Green Snake E. Smooth Green Snake Queen Snake N. Brown Snake N. Redbelly Snake Shorthead Garter Snake Ribbon Snake E. Garter Snake Earth Snake

96. Viperidae Northern Copperhead Timber Rattlesnake E. Massasauga

97. Poisonous or Venomous?

98. Northern Copperhead Agkistrodon contortix

99. Timber Rattlesnake Crotalus horridus

100. Massasauga

101. Eastern Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorous Not found in Pennsylvania

102. Worm Snake Carphophis a. amoenus resembles earthworm: unpatterned, smooth, glossy; pointy tail 7-11 inches pinkish belly

103. Kirtland’s Snake Clonophis kirtlandii PA Endangered; highly aquatic two rows of black spots on back; reddish belly w/marginal spots flattens when frightened

104. Black Racer Coluber c. constrictor 3-5 ft. “black snake” bites! Diurnal w/yellow eyes

105. Northern Ringneck Snake Diadophis punctatus edwardsii slender, 10-20 in yellowish ring around neck; yellowish belly

106. Black Rat Snake Elaphe o. obsoleta

107. Eastern Hognose Snake Heterodon platyrhinos

108. Eastern Milk Snake Lampropeltis triangulum

109. Northern Water Snake Nerodia sipedon

110. Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivus T

111. Smooth Green Snake Opheodrys vernalis

112. Queen Snake Regina septemvittata

113. Northern Brown Snake Storeria dekayi

114. Northern Redbelly Snake Storeria occipitomaculata

115. Shorthead Garter Snake Thamnophis brachystoma

116. Ribbon Snake Thamnophis sauritus

117. Eastern Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalis

118. Smooth Earth Snake Virginia valeriae

119. Turtles

120. All lay eggs on land No parental care In PA 10 genera 13 species & subspecies

121. carapace plastron

123. Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina

124. long tail serrate carapace (may be worn) reduced, cross-shaped plastron

125. Stinkpot or Musk Turtle Sternotherus oderatus domed carapace 3-4 inches in length emit foul musk from upper shell border slow, shallow streams & rivers

126. E. Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum Extirpated? Removed from PA Endangered list

127. Spotted Turtle Clemmys guttata Yellow spots on dark carapace marshes, bogs, wooded swamps

128. Wood Turtle Clemmys insculpta sculpted carapace terrestrial formerly a ‘meat turtle’

129. Bog Turtle Clemmys muhlenbergi E

130. Blanding’s Turtle Emydoidea blandingi Candidate species

131. E. Box Turtle Terrapene carolina

132. Map Turtle Graptemys geographica

133. Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta

134. Redbellied Turtle Pseudemys rubriventris T

135. Spiny Softshell Turtle Apalone spinifera

136. Smooth Softshell Apalone mutica

137. Lizards

138. Northern Fence Lizard Sceloporus undulatus

139. Northern Coal Skink Eumeces anthracinus

140. Five-lined Skink Eumeces fasciatus

141. Broad-headed Skink Eumeces laticeps

142. Th- That’s All Folks!