1. Exercise Assessment & Prescription – Theory and Application: Individualizing Exercise Prescription PHE 419 Fall 2010

2. Revisiting the context What is ‘physical activity’? Includes all forms of activity that are performed without the specific purpose of fitness or health - occupational - recreational - sports-related What is ‘exercise’? An activity for the express purpose of improving fitness or health

3. Revisiting the context Different types of exercise: Aerobic (e.g., walking, swimming) Anaerobic (e.g., sprinting) Isotonic (e.g., lifting weights) Resistance training - provides some form of resistance to the contracting muscles to stimulate strength increase Stretching (should always be part of the exercise plan)

4. Revisiting the context Terminology: Aerobic - use of oxygen in the body’s metabolic process - glycogen is broken down to produce glucose, which then reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water -reaction releases energy Anaerobic -initial phase of exercise or short bursts of intense exertion -glycogen is respired without oxygen (far less efficient process

5. Revisiting the context Different types of exercise: Aerobic (e.g., walking, swimming) Anaerobic (e.g., sprinting) Isotonic (e.g., lifting weights) Resistance training - provides some form of resistance to the contracting muscles to stimulate strength increase Stretching (should always be part of the exercise plan)

6. Revisiting the context Benefits of exercise: Improves insulin sensitivity Improves glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes Decreases blood pressure Decreases low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels Increases high-density lipoprotein levels

7. Exercise Prescription Exercise prescription generally includes the following recommendations: Type of exercise or activity (e.g., walking, swimming, cycling) Specific workloads (e.g., watts, walking speed) Duration and frequency of the activity or exercise session Intensity guidelines - target heart rate (THR) range - estimated rate of perceived exertion (RPE) Precautions regarding orthopedic or other concerns

8. General Guidelines Type of exercise: Type of exercise or activity (e.g., walking, swimming, cycling) Specific workloads (e.g., watts, walking speed) Duration and frequency of the activity or exercise session Intensity guidelines - target heart rate (THR) range - estimated rate of perceived exertion (RPE) Precautions regarding orthopedic or other concerns