1. Article III Judicial Branch Interpret the Law

2. Article III The power of the Judicial Branch shall be vested to the Supreme Court. In 1789, Congress passed the 11th amendment, creating a system of federal courts below the Supreme Court. Each state has at least one Federal Court. If someone wants to challenge the District Court ruling, they can turn to one of the thirteen appellate courts before they approach the Supreme Court. Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life and can only be removed by their death, resignation, retirement, impeachable behavior. The goal of life appointments is to free Justices to make their best decisions, without worrying that they might be punished for their rulings.. The salary of a judge shall never be reduced while they are in office.

3. Article III Judicial Powers -Have original jurisdiction or authority, to hear cases that involve the Constitution, federal laws, or any agreement made by the federal government such as a treaty. The Supreme Court also hear cases that involve disagreement or disputes between states. Lawsuits brought by citizens or states against another country are also heard by the Supreme Court. Lawsuits brought by citizens or states against another country are also heard by the Supreme Court.

4. Current Supreme Court Justices Stephen Breyer Ruth Ginsburg David Souter Samuel Alito Antonin Scalia John Paul Stevens Clarence Thomas Anthony Kennedy Chief Justice: John Roberts Middle Picture

5. Article III Chief Justice The Chief Justice is the head judge of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court only has original jurisdiction for cases involving ambassadors or disputes between states. Appellate Courts Most Supreme Court cases involve the appeal of decisions made by the lowecourts. (Appellate Courts) Judicial Review In reviewing decisions the Supreme Court uses a process called Judicial Review. Judicial Review allows federal courts to decide whether court decisions, and more importantly, laws are keeping with the basic intent of the Constitution. Any person accused of a crime must be offered a Trial by Jury.

6. Treason Treason Treason is defined as the making of war against the United States or helping its enemies. In order to be convicted of treason one must confess or two people must testify that they witnessed the act being committed. Punishment of Treason Congress decides the punishment for treason Punishing family members and future generations for one person’s treason is called and is illegal under the Constitution. called Corruption of Blood and is illegal under the Constitution.

7. Judicial Branch Vocabulary - If arrested, a person must be made aware of what the charges are or set free. Writ of Habeus Corpus - If arrested, a person must be made aware of what the charges are or set free. - A person who is found innocent in a court trial cannot be tried for the same exact crime again Double Jeopardy - A person who is found innocent in a court trial cannot be tried for the same exact crime again is the money or property given to the court to secure the release Bail - is the money or property given to the court to secure the release of an accused person until the time of the trial. of an accused person until the time of the trial. Bill of Attainder- Convicted without a trial. Bills of attainder makes sure that each case is documented within the court. Ex Post Facto - A person may not be charged with a crime if committed when the crime is no longer a crime. – Supreme Court may here the case directly without going through the appeals process Original Jurisdiction – Supreme Court may here the case directly without going through the appeals process

8. Vocabulary - Made up of twelve citizens who listen to criminal or civil case. Petit Jury - Made up of twelve citizens who listen to criminal or civil case. - Requires sufficient reason for police to believe that someone may have committed a crime. Probable Cause - Requires sufficient reason for police to believe that someone may have committed a crime. - Is a crime where the death penalty may be given. Capital Crime - Is a crime where the death penalty may be given. To take a case to a higher court for review, usually done by the losers in a trial is called an appeal. Appeal -To take a case to a higher court for review, usually done by the losers in a trial is called an appeal.