1. Session 21 IS 425 Enterprise Information I LECTURE 2 Autumn 2004-2005

2. Session 22 Agenda Homework Individual Paper Assignment Review Value Chain Review Information Organizing Mechanisms Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture Model and Types Information Needs with Others Information Systems & People Supported Organizational Structures Information Needs Within Next week

3. Session 23 Homework What are the top HOT TOPICS? Form teams Each team justifies their list of the 3 top HOT TOPICS using facts/information What facts are more persuasive?

4. Session 24 Individual Paper Assignment Due Week 5 An IS Competency Analysis Specifications & Grading Criteria

5. Session 25 Value Chain review

6. Session 26 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms The Fundamentals DATA = elementary descriptions or FACTS INFORMATION = DATA + meaning KNOWLEDGE = INFORMATION + CONTEXT where context conveys understanding, experience, accumulated learning and experience

7. Session 27 Information Technology Challenges Regulate d Monopoly Organization Productivity/ Efficiency Free Market Individual Individual/Group Efficiency Collaborative Enterprise and Industry Integration Value Creation Era I Era II Era III Administrative Framework Primary Target Justification/ Purpose ? ? ? ApplicationChallenge s ? ? ? Integrating Changing Technology Platforms

8. Session 28 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued Information System Types By Functional Area Accounting Information System Finance Information System Marketing Information System By Organizational Structure Departmental Information System Enterprise Information System Inter-Organizational Information System

9. Session 29 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued SystemSupport Provided to Transaction Processing System (TPS) Repetitive, mission-critical activities & clerical staff Management Information System (MIS) Functional activities and managers Office Automation System (OAS)Office workers Decision Support System (DSS)Decision making by managers & analysts Executive Information System (EIS)Executives Group Support System (GSS)People working in groups Intelligent Support SystemsKnowledge workers & others

10. Session 210 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued Interrelated Support Systems – The TPS collects info that is used to build the MIS and EIS. Info from other sources also goes into the EIS

11. Session 211 Turning our attention to Architecture/infrastructure

12. Session 212 Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture: High level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization. To conceptualize the information requirements of the core business of the organization, including how the requirements are to be met. Information Infrastructure: Consist of the physical facilities, services, and management that support all computing resources in an organization. How specific computers, networks, databases, and other facilities are arranged and how they are connected, operated, and managed.

13. Session 213 Architecture versus Infrastructure Architecture = “A plan of the information requirements in an organization” A guide for current operations A blueprint for future directions Infrastructure = the realization of the architecture consisting of 5 components: Computer hardware General-purpose software Networks and communication facilities Databases Information management personnel What is not a component?

14. Session 214 Schematic View of Infrastructure & Applications Inside matrix includes the specific applications & s/w types Outside ring is the infrastructure

15. Session 215 An Information Architecture Model Between centralized and decentralized where Business/Data/Communications central base with decentralized strategic/managerial/operational applications.

16. Session 216 General Types of Information Architecture Mainframe environment One computer with dumb terminals PC environment Only PCs connected by networks Networked (distributed) Environment 2 or more computers linked Client/Server is dominant

17. Session 217 Information Needs with Others Business Pressures create pressures on Organizations Organizations respond to pressures with IT supported activities

18. Session 218 Information Needs with Others These pressures from market, technology and society demand responses from organizations. These pressures either alone or with one another can impact an organization’s value chain’s viability. The major business pressures

19. Session 219 Information Needs with Others These 5 organizational components maintain an equilibrium until business pressures force a realignment of the 5 for a response. Framework for organizational and societal impacts of information

20. Session 220 Information Needs with Others Critical Response Activities -5 major groups --Strategic Systems gives advantage over competition very rarely lasts --Continuous Improvements --Business Alliances --ECommerce --BPR business process reengineering

21. Session 221 Information Systems & People Supported

22. Session 222 Organizational Structures Organizations – By Function where people are grouped around the resources they commonly use Most small and mid-sized firms By Divisions where large organizations are subdivided into smaller functional units Most large firms

23. Session 223 Information Needs Within When organized around functions (traditional organization form), each function maintains its own information leading to each function having its own information systems Information that must be shared is “shipped” from one function to the next “following the ‘paper’ trail” Early legacy systems automated the existing information flows between functions

24. Session 224 Information Needs Within Later, the need to update various functions with the same facts led to: A common database Decentralized processing simultaneously at several locations A process orientation from the functional orientation, i.e., reorienting people’s work to the accomplishing outcomes Streamlining work so it always is rationalized in terms of outcomes Can Build a unique system That is a BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING (BPR) Or Can Buy a system That is an ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)

25. Session 225 Next Week Software Methods/Software Development Security Issues Homework – Readings from course home page