3. MACROMOLECULES Concept 1: Analyzing and the chemistry of life (Ch 2, 3, 4, 5) Ch 5 in Campbell p. 38-42 in Holtzclaw

4. Macromolecules You must know: The role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of organic compounds and hydrolysis in the digestion of organic compounds. How to recognize the four biologically important organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) by their structural formulas. The cellular functions of all four organic compounds. The four structural levels that proteins and how changes at any level can affect the activity of the protein. How proteins reach their final shape (conformation), the denaturing impact that heat and pH scale can have on protein structure, and how these changes may affect the organism.

5. Two important biochemical reactions: Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

6. Dehydration Synthesis

7. Example – building a ‘disaccharide’

8. Hydrolysis

9. Hydrolysis Example – digesting a ‘disaccharide’

10. Reversible!

11. Try This! How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is eight monomers long?to completely hydrolyze a

12. Try This! How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is eight monomers long?

13. Four Types of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins

14. Carbohydrates Structure (monosaccharides: C n H 2n O n ) Cellular Function

15. Carbohydrates Structure (disaccharides)disaccharides Cellular Function

16. Carbohydrates Structure (polysaccharides – cellulose)polysaccharides Cellular Function (structural support)

17. Carbohydrates Structure ( polysaccharides – starch, glycogen ) Cellular Function (energy storage)

18. Lipids Structure Cellular Function

19. Lipids Structure (neutral fat) Cellular Function (energy storage)

20. Lipids Structure (saturated fatty acids) Cellular Function

21. Lipids Structure (unsaturated fatty acids) Cellular Function

22. Lipids Structure (phospholipids) Cellular Function (cell membrane)

23. Lipids Structure (phospholipids) Cellular Function (cell membranes)

24. Lipids Structure (steroids) Cellular Function (structure, hormones)

25. Nucleic Acids Structure Cellular Function

26. Nucleic Acids Structure Cellular Function

27. Nucleic Acids Structure Cellular Function

28. Nucleic Acids Structure Cellular Function

29. Central Dogma!

32. Proteins Structure Cellular Function

33. Proteins Structure Cellular Function

34. Proteins Structure Cellular Function

35. Proteins Structure Cellular Function

36. Proteins Structure (amino acid) Cellular Function

37. Proteins Structure (polypeptides) Cellular Function

38. Protein – in depth Four structural levels ◦ Primary ◦ Secondary ◦ Tertiary ◦ Quaternary

39. Proteins – in depth

43. in depthin depth “Layers”

44. Protein – in depth Denaturing (change in shape/conformation) ◦ Heat ◦ pH

45. Try This! (True or Flase?) 1.Primary protein structure is stabilized by peptide bonds between a linear sequence of amino acids. 2.Secondary protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between R groups on adjacent amino acids. 3.Both primary and tertiary protein structure may be stabilized by covalent bonds. 4.All proteins display primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of protein structure.

46. Try This! (True or Flase?) 1.Primary protein structure is stabilized by peptide bonds between a linear sequence of amino acids. 2.Secondary protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between R groups on adjacent amino acids. 3.Both primary and tertiary protein structure may be stabilized by covalent bonds. 4.All proteins display primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of protein structure.

47. Try This! (Matching) Levels of protein structureInteractions 1. Primarya. Interactions between R groups 2. Secondary structureb. Hydrogen bonds between constituents of the polypeptide backbone 3. Tertiary structurec. Aggregations between polypeptides 4. Quaternary structured. Peptide bonds

48. Try This! (Matching) Levels of protein structureInteractions 1. Primarya. Interactions between R groups 2. Secondary structureb. Hydrogen bonds between constituents of the polypeptide backbone 3. Tertiary structurec. Aggregations between polypeptides 4. Quaternary structured. Peptide bonds

49. Practice! #1-18, #1-2, #1 p. 42-46 Animations online! Self Quiz Questions from Campbell (more difficult) GET SET UP with “Mastering Biology” and complete “Macromolecules” assignment by MONDAY EVENING CHECKPOINT next class ◦ Concept 1