2. BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon based moleculesNon-carbon based molecules

3. Organic or Inorganic? O 2 O 2 NH 3 NH 3 C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 3 CH 3

4. 4 categories of organic materials: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Proteins Proteins Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids

5. Carbon Compounds Why is carbon so common in living things? Why is carbon so common in living things? Carbon is a good “bonder”!! Carbon is a good “bonder”!!

6. Monomers and Polymers Monomers – 1 molecular units Monomers – 1 molecular units Polymers – monomers linked together into a long chain Polymers – monomers linked together into a long chain

7. Building Polymers Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration Synthesis Definition:Definition:

8. Breaking Polymers Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Definition:Definition:

9. Evaluate…  1. Explain the connection between a monomer and a polymer.  What molecule is released during the construction of a polymer? What is this reaction called?

10. 1) Carbohydrates  Sugars  C,H,O  Store energy  Hydrophilic (“water-loving”)

11. Monosaccharides  Monomer of carbs (1 sugar molecule)  simple sugars  glucose, fructose, galactose

13. Disaccharides Double sugars Formed by dehydration synthesis  Sucrose  Lactose  Maltose

14. Polysaccharides  Giant polymers of linked monosaccharides Giant polymers Starch (plants) Glycogen (animals) Cellulose (“fiber”)

15. 2) Lipids  Hydrophobic (“water-fearing”)  C,H,O  Store energy  Examples: Fats Oils Waxes Steroids

16. Chemistry of Fats  Composed of: 3 fatty acids 1 glycerol molecule

17. saturated vs. unsaturated

18. Let’s Review Carbs & Lipids  What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide? Give an example of each.  How do animals store excess glucose molecules?  What property do lipids share?  What are the parts of a fat molecule?  What does the term unsaturated fat on a food label mean?

19. 3) Proteins

20. Proteins -Composed of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S -monomers are amino acids

21. Structure of Amino Acid  20 different amino acids  Each contain: Amino group (NH 2 ) Carboxyl group (COOH) Side group (R group)

22. Polypeptide  Amino acids link together to make a polypeptide (i.e. a protein) * see p. 101  Peptide bond- Peptide bond Covalent bond between two amino acids Formed by dehydration synthesis See animation

23. Peptide bond

24. Protein Shape  Yarn & Sweater example  What influences protein shape? Sequence of amino acids Surrounding environment  Denaturation- Protein unravels & loses shape

25. Enzymes- a type of protein Speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) i.e. Amylase (saliva)

27. Enzymes lower activation energy  Activation Energy-

28.  Substrate is what is changed Substrate  Enzyme binds to substrate at the active site How Enzymes Work

29.  Animation Animation