1. Midterm Review2011-12

2. Prokaryotic Cells contain: (Answer all that apply) 1. DNA 2. Chloroplasts 3. Nucleus 4. Cell Membrane 5. Cytoplasm 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

3. Prokaryotic cells are… 1. Unicellular 2. Multicellular 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

4. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. 1. True 2. False 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

5. Which answers make up the cell theory? 1. All living things breathe 2. All living things are composed of 1 or more cells 3. Cells appear out of nowhere 4. More than 1 cell is required for life 5. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 6. Cells come from pre-existing cells 7. All cells contain a nucleus 8. Cells contain DNA 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

6. Plant cells contain a nucleus. 1. True 2. False 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

7. Which of these best distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell: 1. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, but eukaryotic cells never do 2. Prokaryotic cells are typically much larger than eukaryotic cells 3. Prokaryotic cells have flagella but eukaryotic cells do not 4. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus but eukaryotic cells have a nucleus 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

8. E. coli and Salmonella bacteria are examples of Eukaryotic cells. 1. True 2. False 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

9. Viruses… 1. Have the ability to reproduce on their own 2. Have DNA 3. Maintain homeostasis 4. Are alive 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

10. Which organelle digests old organelles, food and viruses? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

11. Which organelle is located near the nucleus and has ribosomes attached? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

12. Which organelle modifies and packages molecules like proteins to be shipped around the cell? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

13. Which organelle makes energy for the cell by breaking down glucose (sugar)? 1. Golgi Body 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosomes 5. Vacuole 6. Mitochondria

14. What organelle is the red arrow pointing to? 1. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2. Golgi Body 3. Mitochondria 4. Chloroplast 5. Ribosome 6. Lysosome 7. Cytoplasm

15. Which kinds of cells can have a cell wall? 1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Bacteria 4. Prokaryotes

16. Which kinds of cells can have a Cilia and Flagella? 1. Plant 2. Animal 3. Bacteria 4. Prokaryotes

17. A structure found in Cell 2 that is not found in Cell 1 is… 1 2 1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Vacuole 4. Chloroplast

18. Which of the following depicts flagella? 1. 2.

19. Which of the following organelles provides energy for the cell? 1. Nucleus 2. Lysosome 3. Mitochondria 4. Golgi Body

20. Based on this diagram of a cell membrane, where is the nonpolar region located? A B C 1. A 2. B 3. C B C

21. Midterm Review part 2

22. The molecules marked “W” are best described as: 1. Monomers 2. Polymers 3. Isomers 4. isotopes

23. Molecule(s) “X” are most likely: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Monomers 3. Polymers 4. Water 5. Starch

24. Reactions A and B are respectively known as: A B 1. Dehydration, hydrolysis 2. Condensation, hydrolysis 3. Polymerization, decomposition 4. Hydrolysis, dehydration

25. Which molecules below are considered organic: NaCl A B C D E 1. A and B 2. A, B, C 3. A, B, C, D, 4. A, B, C, D, E

26. Disaccharides are 2 _________ bonded together through ________________ 1. Polysaccharides ; dehydration synthesis 2. Monosaccharides ; dehydration synthesis 3. Polysaccharides ; hydrolysis 4. Monosaccharides ; hydrolysis 5. Trisaccharides ; dehydration synthesis

27. Monosaccharides provide this: 1. Quick energy 2. Long lasting energy 3. No energy

28. This is an example of a _______ 1. Monosaccharide 2. Disaccharide 3. Polysaccharide

29. Which of the following are structural polysaccharides used by plants? 1. Glycogen 2. Cellulose 3. Starch 4. Chitin

30. Which of the following are structural polysaccharides used by animals? 1. Glycogen 2. Cellulose 3. Starch 4. Chitin

31. Building monomers into polymers occurs through _____ by removing _____ 1. Hydrolysis; oil 2. Dehydration synthesis; oil 3. Hydrolysis; water 4. Dehydration synthesis; water

32. Breaking up polymers into individual monomers is called _______ & ______ is added 1. Hydrolysis; water 2. Dehydration synthesis; water 3. Hydrolysis; oil 4. Dehydration synthesis; oil

33. Which functional group is the following molecule? 1. Aldehyde 2. Ketone 3. Amino 4. hydroxyl

34. The purpose(s) of polysaccharides is/are 1. Make water 2. Store water 3. Provide energy 4. Provide structure

35. The molecule at the location identified by the arrow: 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Sugar 4. Phosphate 5. thymine

36. The molecule at the location identified by the arrow: 1. Adenine 2. Guanine 3. Sugar 4. Phosphate 5. thymine

37. Because the sides of the DNA ladder run in opposite directions, DNA is said to be… 1. Parallel 2. Nonparallel 3. Antiparallel 4. proparallel

38. 1.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

39. 2.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

40. 3.) The following sample shows a positive test for ___________? 1. Protein 2. Sugar 3. Starch 4. Fat

41. 3. Which is “bigger”? 1. Purine 2. Pyrimidine

42. 5. Which of these is the monomer of a nucleic acid? 1. Figure A 2. Amino acid 3. Nucleotide 4. DNA A … ….

43. Based on the diagram of photosynthesis, these represent glucose and carbon dioxide respectively: ReactantsProducts A B 1. A and B 2. C and D 3. D and A 4. A and D Chloroplast C D

44. Based on the diagram of cellular respiration, these represent oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively: Based on the diagram of cellular respiration, these represent oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively: Reactants Products F A E D C B 1. A and C 2. C and A 3. A and B 4. E and F Mitochondria

45. Which of the following represents solar energy? A D B C 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

46. Which of the following represents chemical energy? A D B C 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

47. In the absence of oxygen what alternative process does your body utilize to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy/ATP? 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular respiration 3. Osmosis 4. Fermentation

48. If molecule “Y” is a protein, molecule marked “W” is most likely: 1. Sugars 2. Nucleotides 3. Carboxyl Group 4. Amino acids 5. Fatty Acids

49. When a dehydration reaction takes place between the molecules below, a ___________ bond is formed: 1. Polar 2. Peptide 3. Ionic 4. Hydrogen 5. Amino ………………………………… ………………………………… ….

50. a b c Which bond type is called a hydrogen bond? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

51. a b c Where would an ionic bond form? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

52. a b c Which area(s) of this molecule would be repulsed by water? d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

53. a b c Which level of protein structure is shown here? d 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary 4. quaternary

54. What level of protein structure is shown below? 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

55. The process taking place in location “6”can best be described as: 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 1. Transcription 2. Translation 3. Hydrolysis 4. Fermentation

56. What is molecule number 1? 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 1. Ribosome 2. Protein 3. DNA 4. Mitochondria 5. RNA

57. The process taking place in location “9”can best be described as: 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 1. Transcription 2. Translation 3. Hydrolysis 4. Fermentation

58. The 3 nitrogen bases on the molecules marked number 8 are called what? 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 1. DNA 2. Anticodon 3. Proteins 4. Codon 5. Amino Acids

59. The molecule marked number 7 is what? 1 2 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 1. Nucleus 2. DNA 3. Ribosome 4. Mitochondria

60. A particular strand of DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases… T C A G A G C C A What is the corresponding strand of mRNA 1. A G T C T C G G T 2. C C C C C C C C C 3. A G U C U C G G U 4. U G G C U C U G A

61. A particular strand of mRNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases… U C A G A G C C A What is the amino acid sequence produced by this strand 1. Phenylalanine – Leucine – Isoleucine 2. Serine – Glutamate – Threonine 3. Valine – Alanine – Glycine 4. Serine – Glutamate – Proline

62. The letters B and E represent which molecules respectively (in that order) A B E D C 1. Deoxyribose sugar : Nitrogen Base 2. Phosphate : Nitrogen Base 3. Ribose sugar : Phosphate 4. Glucose : Thymine

63. Predict the water movement Cell= 10% salt Solution=20% salt 1. Into Cell 2. Out of cell

64. What will happen to the cell? Cell= 10% salt Solution=20% salt 1. Swell 2. Shrink

65. Which of the following pictures shows the proper orientation of phospholipids in a cell membrane? 1. 2. 3. 4.

66. Which beaker demonstrates what would happen to a cell if placed in an isotonic solution? 12 3 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3

67. Based on the picture to the right, which of the following shows how the water will move? 1. 2. 3.

68. = Solute = Water What process is best illustrated below? 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Hydrolysis 4. Active Transport

69. Which of the following is true? A B C 1. C illustrates a cell in a hypotonic solution 2. B illustrates a cell in a hypertonic solution 3. Both 1 and 2 are true 4. Both 1 and 2 are false

70. Cell A has 4 chromosomes and Cell D has 2 chromosomes. What process created Cell D? 1. Mitosis 2. Independent assortment 3. Hydrolysis 4. Meiosis Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D

71. Cell A is considered _______ while Cell D is considered ________. Cell A Cell B Cell C Cell D 1. Haploid; Diploid 2. Tetrad; Diploid 3. Diploid; Haploid 4. Homologous; Haploid

72. Anaphase I looks like ___. ABCD 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

73. Which of the numbers below best represents a chromatid? 1 2 3 4 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 Cell A Cell B

74. Which of the numbers below best represents homologous chromosomes? 1 2 3 4 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 Cell A Cell B

75. How can we best describe the diagram below? 1. Two sister chromatids 2. Homologous chromosomes 3. One replicated chromosome 4. Haploid chromsomes

76. What process is best demonstrated by the diagram below? 1. Anaphase I 2. Segregation of alleles 3. Crossing over 4. Independent assortment

77. When does the process of crossing over occur during meiosis? 1. Prophase I 2. Metaphase I 3. Anaphase I 4. Prophase II 5. Metaphase II 6. Anaphase II 7. Interphase

78. What is best illustrated by the two diagrams below? 1. DNA replication 2. Mitosis 3. Crossing over 4. Independent assortment

79. Which of the following leads to genetic variation during meiosis? A.Crossing Over B.DNA replication C.Independent assortment D.Tetrad formation 1. All of the above (A, B, C, D) 2. A & B 3. A & D 4. A, B, & D 5. A & C

80. Which of the chromosomes below are homologous to chromosome ONE Unibrow2 eye brows Blue Eyes ACDB ONE 1. A 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. B 5. C 6. B and D