1. Prioritising interventions using EXTRAPOLATE The Livestock and Fish Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania Model Elements Entry Points Workshop for the Tanzania Dairy Value Chain Sea Cliff Resort and Spa, Zanzibar 4-6 March 2014 Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne

2. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

3. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

4. Stakeholder Groups Divide into four groups Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income Task: Identify relevant, distinct stakeholder “groups” Directly affected by the model Not too many – unwieldy Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper Present back lists and consolidate on computer Preparation = 1hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes Tim and Peter to circulate … Stakeholder groups should be a group of individuals who face similar constraints and have a similar livelihood status

5. Stakeholder Groups 1.Small scale intensive dairy producers (4) 2.Small scale extensive dairy producers (2) 3.Medium and large scale intensive dairy produce (6) 4.Medium and large scale extensive dairy producers (5) 5.Pastoralist dairy producers (4) 6.Small scale input and service providers (5) 7.Medium and large scale input and service providers (7) 8.Small scale milk traders (4) 9.Medium and large scale milk traders (7) 10.Small scale milk processors (5) 11.Medium and large scale milk processors (8) 12.Transporters (5) 13.Consumers (4) Livelihood status in brackets

6. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

7. Stakeholder livelihood status 1. Small scale intensive dairy producers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 3.50 Variance = 3.25

8. Stakeholder livelihood status 2. Small scale extensive dairy producers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 2.68 Variance = 3.06

9. Stakeholder livelihood status 3. Medium and large scale intensive dairy producers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 6.36 Variance = 1.69

10. Stakeholder livelihood status 4. Medium and large scale extensive dairy producers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 5.30 Variance = 1.91

11. Stakeholder livelihood status 5. Pastoralist dairy producers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 4.06 Variance = 3.94

12. Stakeholder livelihood status 6. Small scale input and service providers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 4.84 Variance = 3.29

13. Stakeholder livelihood status 7. Medium and large scale input and service providers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 7.06 Variance = 0.50

14. Stakeholder livelihood status 8. Small scale milk traders 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 3.91 Variance = 2.36

15. Stakeholder livelihood status 9. Medium and large scale milk traders 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 6.76 Variance = 3.32

16. Stakeholder livelihood status 10. Small scale milk processors 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 4.50 Variance = 0.81

17. Stakeholder livelihood status 11. Large and medium scale milk processors 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 8.00 Variance = 1.30

18. Stakeholder livelihood status 12. Transporters 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 5.41 Variance = 3.42

19. Stakeholder livelihood status 13. Consumers 1.Low 2... 3... 4... 5... 6... 7... 8... 9... 10.High Mean = 4.12 Variance = 3.16

20. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

21. Constraints Divide into four groups Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income Task: Identify relevant constraints Directly affected by the model Not too many – unwieldy Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper Present back lists and consolidate on computer Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes Tim and Peter to circulate … Constraints are things that prevent outcomes being achieved

22. Constraints 1.Lack of improved breeds 2.Lack of affordable credit 3.Lack of knowledge and skills 4.Poor access to quality feeds 5.Lack of reliable markets 6.High cost of processing equipment 7.High transaction costs 8.Lack of business support services 9.Dry season water shortages 10.Prevalence of pests and diseases 11.Inappropriate government regulations 12.Lack of functional farmers organisations 13.Competition from external milk producers

23. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

24. Outcomes Divide into four groups Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income Task: Identify relevant outcomes Directly affected by the model Not too many – unwieldy Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper Present back lists and consolidate on computer Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes Tim and Peter to circulate … Outcomes contribute to livelihood status and are influenced by changes in constraints

25. Outcomes 1.Increased income 2.Improved health 3.Improved social status 4.Improved access to basic services 5.Increased food security 6.Gender empowerment 7.Increased milk productivity 8.Increased employment

26. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

27. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

28. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

29. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

30. Entry Points Divide into four groups Scope: Contribution of dairy to household income Task: Identify relevant entry points Can be introduced one at a time Each group to prepare list on flipchart paper Present back lists and consolidate on computer Preparation = 1 hour Presentation and consolidation = 30 minutes Tim and Peter to circulate … Entry points include any intervention that is carried out to alleviate constraints. These may be policy, institutional or technical, for example.

31. Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services ANIMAL HEALTH: 1.Certification of para-vet practitioners is overly restricted by regulations

32. Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services GENETICS 1.Certification of artificial insemination (AI) technicians is too restricted (by the Veterinary Surgeons Act) for efficient delivery of services 2.The regulator of breeding services is also an active practitioner. What is the optimal public-private-partnership (PPP) for delivery of breeding services? 3.Animal registration, recording and evaluation are administered by too many bodies 4.Animal registration, performance recording and genetic evaluation are administered solely by a government agency with inadequate capacity to deliver on the service. What is the optimal PPP for this? 5.Animal Breeding Bill needs to be submitted to Attorney General 6.Brucellosis needs to be made a notifiable disease so testing and control are made mandatory and publicly funded 7.There is no information system capturing livestock identification, registration, recording for breeding improvement and traceability

33. Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services FEEDS 1.Compounded feed standards are variable and are based on recommendation of cattle with high genetic composition. Related technical question is how to develop recommendations that take into account genetic potential of cattle 2.Feed quality is variable in spite of the standards i.e. poor enforcement of standards and lack of stakeholders participation 3.Sourcing and importation of forage seeds are heavily controlled by the government thus restricting free flow 4.Training and certification of small scale forage seed producers are currently restricted 5.Certification of small scale compounded feed producers who are currently considered illegal (this restricts opportunities to grow markets and improve quality)

34. Identified dairy policy issues in inputs and services VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT 1.Lack of stakeholder controlled small-scale dairy traders’ and business providers’ associations to contribute to empowerment of their members

35. Candidate Entry Points A.Establish innovation platforms for learning and sharing across the value chain B.Build capacity of farmers organisations to support improved feeding practices C.Government support for vertical integration in the dairy value chain D.Stimulating private sector participation in the provision of breeding services.

36. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (plenary)

37. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (table) Impact of constraints on outcomes (table) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (table) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (plenary) Relevance of interventions to constraints (plenary)

38. Relevance: A to B 0 Not relevant 1.. 2.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 7.. 8.. 9 Extremely relevant