1. Critical Infrastructure Emergency Risk Management Erik Maranik CPEng, FIEAust.

2. Characteristics of a CI Emergency Major changes to operations A need to work with many jurisdictions, Government intervention Heightened community awareness / outrage, extensive media coverage Unusual deployment and tasking of resources

3. Catastrophic Consequences Long-term inability to deliver services Large number of fatalities/loss-of-life or injuries requiring extended hospitalisation Widespread displacement of people Extensive property damage Severe environmental impact, long-term or permanent damage Extensive and widespread financial loss

4. Understanding Context Ageing and complex services, facilities, and/or resources Complex intra / interdependencies Reduction of corporate knowledge and expertise (the ‘Beatles’ 1964) Reliance on automation and remote control

5. Understanding Context Diverse stakeholders / communities / customers / users Complex decision making and contracts Lack of modern experience with actual events “Just-in-Time” procurement – long lead times

6. Risk Identification Requires a logical analytical construct, both spatial and temporal, to discover latent risk Understand the characteristics and interaction of the sources of risk - interdependencies A need to explore and involve a broad cross- section of experience and knowledge (“4G”)

7. Critical Infrastructure Issues Loss of the services, facilities and or resources Extent of influence Intra/interdependencies Resources prioritisation and substitutability Escalation (Incident to Catastrophe) Magnification

8. Treatments & Mitigation Operational – precautionary stance Technical possibilities Financial constraints Legal ramifications Social acceptability Environmental influences

9. Food Chemical residues, nuts, processing equipment fragments, sharps, medical waste, toxins and poisons Cold Storage – “the cold chain” Storage, Distribution, Preparation Emotive Reaction, Hoarding Tomato Puree, Bakers Yeast, Medicines Rations – rice and flour

10. Power and Water Generation Interdependencies Transmission (Frequency Control) Distribution (Load Shedding) Supply Restoration Real-time “State of the Network” (defensive design and posturing)

11. Some Tools BECRIME - Biological, Explosive, Chemical, Radiological, Incendiary, Manipulation and Electrical Scenario Analysis and Exercises Security in Design and Operation Stakeholder Resilience Infrastructure Robustness

12. Challenges Overwhelming pressure for decisions both number and complexity Values and beliefs become very important and are tested Resources sharing and mutual aid arrangements are critical Understand Escalation and Magnification