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Did You Know? The speed of sound in water is 1,435 m/sec - nearly five times faster than the speed of sound in air.1,435 This is why Whale songs can be heard from so far away.
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August 29 th 2013 Objective: Begin learning about history of marine science and some of the first marine explorers. Agenda: Quick Review 1. What is a bathysphere? 2. What is a hydrometer used for? 3. What is an aquanaut? 4. Notes on history of exploration and marine science pg. 19-20 Homework: None
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Objective: Begin learning about history of marine science and some of the first marine explorers. Agenda: Organize notebooks Go over Unit 2 Learning Goals History of Exploration Notes pg. 25 Homework None
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Voyages of Discovery Explorers and Navigators The first vessels- 3000 B.C. Merchants 2000 B.C. Fall of the Roman Empire
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5000 B.C to 800 A.D Egyptians- made the first sailboats Phoenicians- made the first trade routes (Mediterranean) Polynesians- made primitive maps and were the first to have long distance open ocean voyages. Greeks- Major advancements in navigation Pytheas- mapped out latitude using the North Star Eratosthenes- calculated Earth’s circumference.
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800 A.D to 1400 A.D Vikings- Improved sailboats Bigger sails Oarsmen if no wind Flat-bottom boats (get closer to land) Sea exploration was only done by Vikings This lasted from about 800-1100 A.D. (the middle of the dark ages)
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Major Viking discoveries 9 th century: warming climate led to melting N. Atlantic ice, this allowed more Viking voyages through previously frozen area. Discoveries: Iceland (mild climate) Greenland (frozen land) North America (Newfoundland Canada) led by Leif Eriksson Leif Eriksson day is Oct. 9 th
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Middle Ages = Dark Ages In Europe Any thoughts on why they were called the dark ages? Knowledge of geography and science entered an intellectual “darkness” there was also, poor communication and lack of education.
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Meanwhile… In China… During the European “Dark Ages” other parts of the world, were making intellectual progress. In 1125 the magnetic compass was invented and being used by the Chinese sailors.
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Pg. 24 RTW: How did the Vikings improve on the sailboat? Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Notes on marine history continued. Pg. 25-27 in ISN Begin Explorer Project Homework: Please be sure to keep up with notes you have might have a pop quiz!
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Caffeine is a plant substance that paralyzes & kills insects. It is found in chocolate, cola, tea & coffee & is a central nervous system stimulant. Large amounts can cause an irregular heartbeat, insomnia, muscle twitching. On the other hand Regular coffee drinkers are 80 percent less likely to develop Parkinson’s disease. 2 cups a day gives you 20 percent less risk of colon cancer. 2 cups a day causes an 80 percent drop in cirrhosis. 2 cups a day prevents gallstone development by 50 percent. It has also shown to be beneficial in asthma, stopping headaches, boosting mood and even preventing cavities
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Sept. 3 rd 2013 Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Notes on marine history continued. Pg. 21-22 in ISN Begin “Freaks in the Ocean” Homework: Please be sure to keep up with notes you have a quiz on Thursday.
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The End of the Dark Ages Bartholomeu Dias A Portuguese navigator 1487-Sailed around the tip of Africa, which he called: "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). Later named the Cape of Good Hope
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Christopher Columbus 1492 went to sea to find a new route to India for trade, he headed west and crossed the Atlantic and landed in the Bahamas Later he reached South and Central America
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Later Expeditions John Cabot- 1497 left England and sailed to what is now Delaware. Vasco Nunez de Balboa – 1500s crossed the Isthmus of Panama, first to see the East coast of the Pacific Amerigo Vespucci explored 9600 km of coastline from North to South America Mapmakers in Europe named the Americas after him First to recognize S. America as it’s own continent
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Later Expeditions Cont. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator, was the first to attempt to circumnavigate the earth Francis Drake- 1577 second successful circumnavigation of the world, his purpose was to raid Spanish ships for treasure.
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Fakebook Profile You will create a fake Facebook profile for your assigned explorer. (Google: “fakebook teacher”) Explorers 1. Phoenicians 2. Polynesians 3. Greeks 4. Chinese 5. Vikings 6. Portuguese Google: “ocean motion timeline”
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Pg. 24 RTW: Who attempted to circumnavigate the world and died in the process? Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Finish Explorer Project Homework: Please be sure to keep up with notes you have might have a pop quiz!
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Fakebook Profile Include: Profile Picture Name Wallpaper/background picture About Me Section Born or time spent exploring/navigating Hometown Job Relationship Status Wallposts (at least 5 that are informational) Friends/Enemies
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By the mid 18 th century quite a bit was known about the world’s geography but not much scientific information. Some questions: How deep is the sea? What causes the currents? What natural resources does the ocean contain?
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Scientific Exploration In the mid 1700’s, James Cook began using observation to make scientific discoveries on his ship. Figured out how to prevent scurvy. (Vitamin C) 1 st to use chronometer to figure out longitude.
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Cornelis Drebbel- 1 st submarine. http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/s pecial_drebbel.htm Benjamin Franklin, US postmaster, wanted to know why it took longer for mail to come from Europe to America than vice versa Later he drew an accurate map of the Gulf Stream
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Ben Franklin’s Gulf Stream- Image 1 Drebbel’s 1 st Submarine
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Matthew Fontaine Maury- American Naval Officer “The Father of Oceanography” 1855 analyzed the logbooks of navy ships and published the first books on oceanography called The Physical Geography of the Sea
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S.T.A.R 1. Who created the first sailboats? 2. What was the significant contribution by the Polynesians? 4. What did Leif Eriksson find? 5. Why were the Middle ages called the Dark ages? 6. Who invented the magnetic compass? 7. Who are the America’s named after?
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S.T.A.R 1. Did Magellan succeed in circumnavigating the earth? 2. What was a significant contribution that Ben Franklin made to oceanography? 3. Who used citrus fruit to help prevent scurvy?
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Charles Darwin- naturalist 1831, sailed on the HMS Beagle goal was to map the western coastline of South America Found new species of plants and animals. 1807, Thomas Jefferson authorized Survey of the Coast (the predecessor to NOAA) NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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Galapagos Tortoise
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Marine Iguana http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd- 1_CjgGCQ&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=VfZQfCkKuKM&saf e=active
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HMS Challenger- 1873-1876 Led by Sir Charles Thompson Led the most successful ocean expedition devoted exclusively to scientific study Collected water, sediment, and temp data Identified more than 4700 new species of marine organisms Discovered the “Challenger Deep” in the Mariana’s trench. (over 35,000 ft. deep)
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S.T.A.R 1. Who is the “father of physical oceanography”? 2. Who created the first submarine? 3. How did Cook help to prevent scurvy?
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Did You Know? The Pacific Ocean is so big it could fit all of the Earth’s continents. The word pacific means peaceful. However, the Pacific Ocean is far from peaceful. Thousands of volcanoes rise up from the Pacific Ocean
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Sept. 4 st 2013 Objective: I will finish the notes and learn about some of the freaky animals in the sea. Agenda: Finish notes Freaks of the Ocean Homework: There will be a mini summative on Tuesday
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Copy onto page 23 of your ISN 1. For what purpose might an animal use a disguise? 2. What two factors help a newly hatched loggerhead turtle navigate through the ocean? 3. What unique strategy does a basilisk lizard use to escape danger? 4. What environmental cue prompts a clam to dig deeper into the sand? 5. What does the deep sea anglerfish use to attract prey in the darkness of the ocean?
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Did You Know? An average adult body contains around 250g (1/2lb) of salt.
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Sept. 5 th 2013 Objective: I will master my mini-summative and finish Freaks in the Ocean Agenda: Mini summative Freaks in the Ocean Homework: Tomorrow is a testing day! Please be ready to gather data for your lab!
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Did You Know? A little math humor
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Sept. 6 th 2013 Objective: I will continue collecting data for my lab. Agenda: Freaks in the Ocean Data Collection Homework: None
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Did You Know? The blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, is the largest known animal ever to have lived on sea or land. Individuals can reach more than 110 feet and weigh nearly 200 tons_more than the weight of 50 adult elephants. The blue whale's blood vessels are so broad that a full-grown trout could swim through them, and the vessels serve a heart the size of a small car.
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Sept. 9 th 2013 Objective: Learn about the major advancements that have changed the way we study marine science Agenda: Finish Oceans/Notes on submersibles pg. 24 Read “Deep and Luminous Blue” Homework: None
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Submersibles Pg. 24
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1880 to 1950 V. Walfrid Ekman – Figured out the Ekman Spirals and Ekman Layer Fridtjof Nansen – Made the Nansen Bottle. Now people could take samples of water from different depths of water. Beebe and Barton – First bathysphere to 4,000 feet Steel sphere at the end of a long cable (tethered)
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The Bathysphere
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Marie Thorp and Bruce Heezen – made the first map of the ocean bottom and provided evidence for the theory of Continental Drift. Auguste Piccard – First bathyscaphe to reach the bottom of the Mariana's Trench at 35,800 feet.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC0hX mO9Phs&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XX7W dfCgnM&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBG0L bAoqk&safe=active http://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=FGzaUiu tuRk&safe=active
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This trip was made in 1960 and never Repeated!! The decent took 4 hours and 48 minutes. Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard inside Trieste
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The Meteor, a German ship, 25 months on Atlantic ocean using sonar sonar Sonar- sound navigation ranging mapped the ocean floor revealing many different depths and features
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Dark and Luminous Blue Pg. 25 Read the article and answer the questions on pg. 25 of your ISN Turn in the article and question handout when you are finished. (take them home to finish if you need to) Enjoy reading about the first deep ocean dive from the perspective of the first diver!
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Did You Know? Alginates, derived from the cell walls of brown algae, are used frozen desserts, pickles, adhesives, boiler compounds, ceramics, explosives, paper and toys.
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Sept. 10 th 2013 Objective: Learn about the major advancements that have changed the way we study marine science Agenda: Open your ISN pg. 25 Watch the bathyscaph Trieste Learn about personal diving equipment and what the five oceans are. Homework: None
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Exploring the Ocean Under world called Inner Space 2500 B.C., glass was discovered and the first mask was made In the 17 th century a diving chamber/bell was invented Later came a diving suit http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=oxWFqwFHXoo&safe=active
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1797 1837
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1855
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The Modern Scuba Tank 1943- Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan made final improvements A tank with compressed air was developed that was strapped on the diver’s back air breathed through a regulator marketed as the aqua-lung S.C.U.B.A- Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
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Diving Vessels Also called submersibles Bathysphere Bathysphere, allowed aquanauts to go to deeper depths Bathyscaphe Bathyscaphe is a steel untethered submersible that could be controlled. Deepest dive in history (1960). Alvin Alvin is a self-propelled machine with mechanical arms that can pick up specimens and can carry three humans JASON JASON, a robot, does not carry people
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Buoyancy Discovered around 200 B.C. by Archimedes Definition Definition: The force on any object is equal to the weight of the liquid that the object displaces Buoyancy was the reason the Titanic sank
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Sept. 11 th 2013 Objective: I will review for tomorrow’s major summative! And get notes on Oceans via edmodo. Agenda: iPads edmodo Ocean Notes pg. 28-29 Pg. 27 blank for quiz Study Guide pg. 30 Homework: STUDY!!!!
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dftaW QLtPQ&safe=active
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FAU Human powered sub http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BowxagcXpho&saf ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BowxagcXpho&saf ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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Watch the following clip and note down the major contributions in each section. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMWJIOyiY8o&saf ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMWJIOyiY8o&saf ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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FYI Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, MA-1888 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Univ of Miami Scripps Institute of Oceanography- La Jolla, CA Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory- Friday Harbor, WA Mote Marine Laboratory-Sarasota, FL
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Sept. 8 th 2011 Objective: I will use the principals of buoyancy to create my boat. Agenda: Finish Notes Begin Boat building Homework: None Don’t forget open house is tonight.
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Sept. 8 th 2011 Objective: I will prove that I have mastered the skill of buoyancy by showing my boat can hold the most passengers.. Agenda: -15 min. to finish boats -Testing boats Homework: Have a happy weekend GO CUDAS!!!!
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Boat Building Teams of 3-4 people please 1. 1 boat per team 2. Please listen to the rules before you begin.
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SCUBA Kitty
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AUG. 31 st 2011 Objective: Learn how modern technology increases the type and quality of information that scientists can collect about Earth’s oceans. Agenda: Ocean Current Exploration Activity Homework: Join our Edmodo group: you will have a survey to complete later this week.
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Ocean Current Exploration Activity Expert Groups- 6 total Each group analyzes a map. Answer the following questions: 1. How was this map made? 2. What can you see? 3. 1 interesting fact about your map? Cooperative Groups- Each expert should move to a group so it has an expert for each map. Now teach the others about your map What interesting facts did you learn?
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Sept. 1 st 2011 Objective: I will review the gulf stream activity and be able to name all 5 oceans and identify characteristics of each. Agenda: Review activity Notes Homework: There will be a vocab mini summative on Tuesday
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Image 1
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Image 2
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Image 3
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Image 4
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Image 5
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Image 6
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S.T.A.R 1. Benjamin Franklin charted the Gulf Stream without the help of satellites; that chart is Image 1. Choose one other image. What are two similarities between the image that you chose and Franklin’s chart? Make sure to write down the image that you chose. 2. List at least three differences between Franklin’s chart and the image that you chose in Question 1.
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Did You Know? Can’t remember if an egg is fresh or hard boiled? Just spin the egg. If it wobbles, it’s raw. If it spins easily, it’s hard boiled. A fresh egg will sink in water, a stale one will float.
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Did You Know? The largest octopus weighs about 15kg (Octopus dofleini). An Octopus has three hearts and it can squeeze through a hole the size of a 10-cent coin. Hapalochlaena species can inject enough venom in one bite to kill several adult humans. They can adopt a two-tentacles "walk" that frees up their six remaining limbs and makes them look like an armed vehicle.
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Sept. 11 th 2013 Objective: I will learn about the oceans! Agenda: Ocean notes pg. Homework: None
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Oceans There is really only ONE ocean!! This makes navigating difficult so we subdivide it into several smaller ones.
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The 5 Oceans Arctic Pacific Indian Antarctic Atlantic
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Arctic Ocean Smallest ocean Covered in pack ice Attracts migrating animals, like whales
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Pacific Ocean 1/3 of the globe is covered by this ocean Half of the planet’s seawater Has the highest mountain – Mauna Kea Volcano (10,200m) Has the deepest trench – Mariana’s Trench (11,034m) Shrinking because of subduction zone causing the “Ring of Fire”. Nuclear Testing during the 40’s and 50’s
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Indian Ocean Warm latitudes Tropics and coral reefs Subtropics have monsoons (reverse currents) Whale sanctuary Red Sea
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Antarctic Ocean Marine life flourishes here Krill, plankton Cold goes north to balance the tropics
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Atlantic Ocean Icy northern region, but includes the Caribbean North Atlantic Drift Current The Gulf Stream Spreading and growing b/c of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Abundant sea life, suitable habitats
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Mediterranean Sea Middle of the earth Surrounded by 3 of 7 continents Pollution is a huge problem here Slow seawater currents Pollution gets trapped b/c of small opening
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S.T.A.R 1. How many ocean basins are there? 2. Is a “sea” the same as an “ocean”? Where do you find a “sea”? -Work on the 1 st page of the worksheet please
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Sept. 2 nd 2011 Objective: See how one of Darwin’s early discoveries is still being researched today. Agenda: “The Galapagos” Homework: Review vocab and some explorers for Tuesday’s quiz, don’t forget about edmodo. GO CUDAS!!
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Quiz: History of Marine… 1. How many oceans are there? Name them. 2. Who is known as the “father of oceanography”? 3. What did Cornelis Drebbel do? 4. Who mapped out the Gulf Stream? 5. Who figured out how to prevent scurvy?
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Quiz: History of Marine… 6. Which expedition discovered the deepest point in the ocean? 7. Who created the first sailboats? 8. What was named after A. Vespucci? 9. What group of people used the North Star to figure out latitude? 10. Who found a route around the Cape of Good Hope?
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Did You Know? Horseshoe crabs have existed in essentially the same form for the past 135 million years. Their blood provides a valuable test for the toxins that cause septic shock, which previously led to half of all hospital- acquired infections and one-fifth of all hospital deaths.
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Sept. 12 th 2013 Objective: I will master today’s MAJOR summative!! (test) Agenda: Get your clicker Put all your stuff in front of the red line… backpacks, binders, purses….. When you finish find something silent to do. NO ELECTRONICS until everyone in the class is done! Homework: Have a Happy Thursday!!
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Sept. 23 rd 2009 Objective: I will feel confident about the material for tomorrow’s major summative. Agenda: Turn in the Galapagos writing assignment from yesterday at the start of class. (all others will be late) 5-8 look over review sheet Review game Homework: Study for major summative tomorrow
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The Galapagos While watching the video take brief notes of interesting facts in your ISN (this can be part of your notes.) On a separate sheet of paper: Using the notes you took write a 3 paragraph mini essay on what you would like to research further if you had the opportunity to visit the Galapagos.
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Sept. 24 th 2009 Objective: I will do great on today’s major summative!! Agenda: Major Summative: History of Marine Science Homework: Have a fun and safe 3 day weekend GO CUDAS!!
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Titanic Conclusion don’t need to write Theories of why the ship sank could not be proven because for 73 years the ship could not be located In 1985 the ship was found with the help of sonar and an underwater robot With modern technology scientists concluded that the ship sank due to water flowing over the bulkheads and causing the ship to lose buoyancy.
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