2. Reaction Types Chemistry Dr. May

3. Single Displacement Reaction A Compound and an element form a compound and an element A Compound and an element form a compound and an element C + AB  CB + A C + AB  CB + A Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2  Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 

4. May I Have This Dance ? Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A Dancer C steps in to dance with B replacing A C + AB  CB + A C + AB  CB + A

5. Single Displacement Reactions Zn + 2 HCl  Zn + 2 HCl  2 Al + 6 HCl  2 Al + 6 HCl  Mg + 2 HNO 3  Mg + 2 HNO 3  Zn + H 2 SO 4  Zn + H 2 SO 4  ZnCl 2 + H 2  2 AlCl 3 + 3 H 2  Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2  ZnSO 4 + H 2 

6. Single Displacement Reactions Cu + 2 AgNO 3  Cu + 2 AgNO 3  2 Fe + 2 CuSO 4  2 Fe + 2 CuSO 4  3 Al + 2 CuCl 2  3 Al + 2 CuCl 2  Mg + CuSO 4  Mg + CuSO 4  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2 Cu 3 AlCl 3 + 2 Cu MgSO 4 + Cu

7. Activity Series Li, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Cr, Fe,Ni, Sn, Pb H Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au Will React With Acid Will Not React With Acid Acid Most Active Least Active HCl + Zn  ZnCl 2 + H 2 

8. Driving Force A single displacement reaction is driven by the electron affinity of the elements 2 AgNO 3 + Cu  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag 2 Ag +1 + 2 NO 3  1 + Cu 0  Cu +2 + 2 NO 3  1 + 2 Ag 0 Silver wants electrons more than copper 2 Ag +1 + Cu 0  Cu +2 + 2 Ag 0 Copper is oxidized and silver is reduced

9. Double Displacement Reaction Two compounds form two different compounds Two compounds form two different compounds AB + CD  AD + CB AB + CD  AD + CB HCl + KOH  KCl + HOH HCl + KOH  KCl + HOH

10. Let’s Trade Partners Dancer A takes D and dancer C takes B Dancer A takes D and dancer C takes B AB + CD  B + D  AB + CD  B + D  C A CB + AD

11. Double Displacement Reactions HCl + NaOH  HCl + NaOH  2 HCl + Ca(OH) 2  2 HCl + Ca(OH) 2  2 KI + Pb(NO 3 ) 2  2 KI + Pb(NO 3 ) 2  NH 4 Cl + KOH  NH 4 Cl + KOH  NaCl + HOH CaCl 2 + 2 HOH PbI 2  + 2 KNO 3 KCl + NH 4 OH

12. Driving Double Displacement Formation of a precipitate (AgCl  ) Formation of a precipitate (AgCl  ) Formation of a non-ionized material (H 2 O) Formation of a non-ionized material (H 2 O) Formation of a gas (CO 2  ) Formation of a gas (CO 2  )

13. Formation of a precipitate AgNO 3 + KCl  AgCl  + KNO 3 Silver chloride precipitates from solution and drives the reaction to the right

14. Formation of a non-ionized material HNO 3 + KOH  HOH + KNO 3 Water is covalently bonded and does not ionize, driving the reaction to the right.

15. Formation Of A Gas 2 HNO 3 + K 2 CO 3  2 KNO 3 + H 2 CO 3 HOH + CO 2  Carbonic Acid is unstable and decomposes to form water and carbon dioxide, driving the reaction to the right 

16. No Reaction If there is no driving force, If there is no driving force, Then there is no reaction Then there is no reaction NaCl + KNO 3  No Reaction Na +1 + Cl  1 + K +1 + NO 3  1  Na +1 + Cl  1 + K +1 + NO 3  1

17. Synthesis Reaction Two or more materials combine to form a new compound Two or more materials combine to form a new compound A + B  AB A + B  AB 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O

18. Materials Combine Two or more materials combine to form a new compound Two or more materials combine to form a new compound 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O Hydrogen is oxidized (Loses electrons) Oxygen is reduced (Gains electrons)

19. Synthesis Reactions Na + Cl 2  Na + Cl 2  N 2 + 3 H 2  N 2 + 3 H 2  4 Na + O 2  4 Na + O 2  4 Fe + 3 O 2  4 Fe + 3 O 2  2 NaCl 2 NH 3  2 Na 2 O 2 Fe 2 O 3  Oxidized  Reduced  New Compound

20. Decomposition Reactions A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials AB  A + B AB  A + B 2 KClO 3  2 KCl + 3 O 2 2 KClO 3  2 KCl + 3 O 2

21. Compounds Break Apart A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials A compound breaks apart to form two or more new materials 2 KClO 3  2 KCl + 3 O 2 2 KClO 3  2 KCl + 3 O 2

22. Decomposition Reactions H 2 CO 3  H 2 CO 3  NH 4 OH  NH 4 OH  H 2 O  H 2 O  CaCO 3  CaCO 3  H 2 SO 4  H 2 SO 4  H 2 O + CO 2  H 2 O + NH 3  H 2  + O 2  CaO + CO 2  H 2 O + SO 3 

23. Combustion Reactions A hydrocarbon compound combines with oxygen to form CO 2 plus H 2 O A hydrocarbon compound combines with oxygen to form CO 2 plus H 2 O C x H y + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C x H y + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O C 3 H 8 + 5 O 2  3 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O C 3 H 8 + 5 O 2  3 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O

24. Green House Gas C 7 H 16 + 11 O 2  7 CO 2 + 8 H 2 O C 7 H 16 + 11 O 2  7 CO 2 + 8 H 2 O Burning gasoline gives CO 2 and H 2 O

25. Combustion Reactions CH 4 + 2 O 2  CH 4 + 2 O 2  2 C 2 H 6 + 7 O 2  2 C 2 H 6 + 7 O 2  C 3 H 8 + 5 O 2  C 3 H 8 + 5 O 2  2 C 4 H 10 + 13 O 2  2 C 4 H 10 + 13 O 2  C 5 H 12 + 8 O 2  C 5 H 12 + 8 O 2  CO 2 + 2 H 2 O 4 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O 3 CO 2 + 4 H 2 O 8 CO 2 + 10 H 2 O 5 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O Natural Gas Propane Butane Jet Fuel

26. Hydrocarbon Vs. Hydrogen Fuel 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O C 5 H 12 + 8 O 2  5 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O  Water is the only product  Forms lots of greenhouse gas

27. The End This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department at Howard High School of Technology This presentation was created for the benefit of our students by the Science Department at Howard High School of Technology Please send suggestions and comments to rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us Please send suggestions and comments to rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us