1. The United States and the World Chapter 7. Sherry Woods, Caywood Elementary School Lexington, TN

2. Building an Empire Leader in industry and agriculture. New land would offer more raw materials for factories More power

3. Alaska Bought from Russia for 7.2 million dollars Two cents an acre Many Americans thought it was foolish Called it “The Polar Bear Garden” Gold was discovered New wealth to America Natural resources: fish, timber, coal, copper

4. The Hawaiian Islands Ruled by Polynesian kings and queens American Christian missionaries Cattle ranches and sugar plantations By 1870’s missionaries and plantation owners controlled much of Hawaiian land and trade Americans made the king and later Queen Liliuokalani give up their rule Annexed in 1898….The 50 th State

5. War With Spain…Here we go Again! Accused us of imperialism or empire building. America supported Cubans’ fight for independence from Spain President William McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Havana, Cuba Maine exploded killing more than 200 sailors United States blamed Spain “Remember the Maine!” Declared war on Spain

6. Battles Navy was sent to the Phillippine Islands Destroyed the Spanish fleet Many volunteers Theodore Roosevelt, an assistant secretary of the Navy. Quit that job so he could FIGHT!

7. Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Mostly cowboys and college athletes Battle of San Juan Hill Siege of Santiago Siege : an attack that lasts for a long time. Won and signed an armistice : an agreement to stop fighting a war Spanish-American war lasted less than 4 months.

8. Short war….many died. Over 5000 soldiers died Most died from diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Made the U.S. a world power Spain gave the U.S. control of Cuba, Guam, the Phillippine Islands, and Puerto Rico CUBA now and independent country Phillippine Islands also independent Guam and Puerto Rico are still owned by U.S.

9. Theodore Roosevelt Popular after the war Elected governor of New York Two years later: Vice President under William McKinley President McKinley was shot in Buffalo, New York and died 8 days later Roosevelt became PRESIDENT

10. Man of Action Believed U.S. should show off its power to make positive change around the world. Helped work out a peace deal between Russia and Japan 1 st American to win the Nobel Peace Prize Sent a fleet of WHITE ships on a worldwide cruise to show off our power

11. The Panama Canal Roosevelt’s goal to build Link the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Cut across an isthmus: a narrow strip of land that connects two larger land areas 1902 Congress voted to build Roosevelt spread the rumor of revolution in Panama to get their government to sell us the land around the canal. Revolution started and new leaders agreed to sell the land to the U.S.

12. Work on the Canal Begins Began work in 1904 Doctors treated workers for malaria and yellow fever to keep them from dying. Controlled mosquitoes by draining the swamps Took 10 years to complete and $380 million dollars!

17. Progressives and Reform Lesson 2

18. The Square Deal Roosevelt and his supporters were called progressives. (wanting to improve government) Thought government should help people a lot. Commissions: in charge of making decisions

19. Progressives at Work Interstate Commerce Commission Study railroad fares regulate prices Break up monopolies Businesses who beat out all the competition Pure Food and Drug Act Meet government safety standards Meat Inspection Act Conservation: way to protect the environment by keeping natural resources from being destroyed Pure Food and Drug Act

20. State and City Reforms Governor Robert La Follette Pushed for state legislatures to hold a primary election An election in which different people compete to the their party’s candidate Winners then run against each other in a general election Gave more POWER to the people to choose Also started the merit system: to make sure people were qualified for their job

21. Political Bosses Controlled city government Most had dishonest people working for them Boss Tweed, ran New York City for years Crook, robbed the city of millions of dollars

22. End of Political Bosses Changed form of government Not just the mayor in charge Set up commissions made up of several people In charge of police department, fire department, water department, etc…

23. Federal Reforms William Howard Taft elected President in 1908 when Roosevelt decided not to run for reelection. Progressive Pushed for the 16 th amendment Allowed government to TAX people’s income

24. 1912 Presidential Election Roosevelt ran for President in 1912 against Taft and Woodrow Wilson Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected President! Federal Reserve Bank…banks run more smoothly 17 th Amendment: people allowed to elect their own two U.S. senators

25. Civil Rights African American leaders tried to solve prejudice problems W.E.B. DuBois formed the NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Civil Rights: the rights of citizens to equal treatment

26. Improving Society State laws banning child labor Federal law did not stop child labor so many businesses kept putting kids to work! Prohibition made it illegal to drink alcohol 18 th Amendment Failure: Gangsters found ways to sell liquor 21 st Amendment repealed the 18 th amendment

27. The Great War Lesson 3

28. Causes of the War Ethnic groups wanted own nation Imperialism made weaker countries jealous Increase in military force caused tension Militarism: using military force to solve problems Alliances: partnerships with other countries Allies: Countries that join together to help each other

29. Allied Powers Britain France Russia Italy

30. Central Powers Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire

31. War Begins! Started in Serbia Serb rebel shot and killed 2 members of Austria-Hungary’s royal family Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Alliances joined in to help each side

32. United States Stayed out at first Germany invented the u-boat, an underwater submarine Sank a passenger ship, the Lusitania 1200 people killed including 128 Americans Americans were angry and some wanted to fight, but President Woodrow Wilson said NO…

33. United States Enters the War Germans threatened to attack all ships in British water Sank 3 American merchant ships Enough is ENOUGH! President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to Declare War April 6, 1917, American entered the war

34. Problems Army was too small Not enough weapons Selective Service Act – military draft African Americans and immigrants faced prejudice Kept in separate units Not allowed to do certain jobs

37. The Front Line Most soldiers were sent to France Most fighting took place there Lived in trenches No-Man’s Land: land between the two sides Filled with barbed wire, land mines, buried bombs

41. New Weapons Machine gun developed by the Germans Hundreds of bullets a minute British developed the Tank for protection from the machine gun fire Germans developed poison gas Killed by suffocation….MOST FEARED WEAPON!!!!!

47. Death Tolls 53,000 Americans killed 230,000 Americans wounded 8,000,000 Total Deaths

48. Women in the War Not allowed to fight in combat Filled the jobs left open by men Nurses and ambulance drivers in war Navy clerks and telegraph operators Women’s war work led to the 19 th amendment Women finally had the right to VOTE

57. 19 th Amendment

59. Changes at Home War Industry Board made goods for soldiers Food Administration – raise more food crops Allied troops depended on American farmers for food. Victory Gardens – raise own food Fuel Administration- use less coal and oil Daylight Savings Time – conserve energy Increased Taxes Sold War Bonds

61. The War Ends American soldiers turned the tide and made a huge difference Helped push back the German army November 11, 1918: Germany Surrendered Americans came home

62. Settlement Wilson drew up the Fourteen Points for a fair peace League of Nations Treaty of Versailles – ended the war U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations Senators wanted the U.S. to stay out of other nation’s problems Policy of Isolation – remaining separate from other countries.