1. Jefferson’s presidency (1800-1808)

2. Major Campaign Issues Alien and Sedition Acts Increase in taxes
Heavy defense expenditures
Reduction of trade with France
Anti-British sentiment over impressment of American seamen

3. Electoral Tie! Jefferson-Burr receive 73 votes each
House of Representatives decides Presidency- Hamilton supports Jefferson
Burr is elected Vice-President

4. 12th Amendment
1800 Election demonstrated the inadequacy of the Constitution
Proposed the separate balloting of president and vice-president

5. Washington, D.C.
1791- Pierre L’Enfant, a French architect, designed the layout of the city
He fought in the American Revolution
He, along with Washington, designed the White House

6. District of Columbia Adams was the first to move in, 1800
Jefferson first full-term president to live in the White House
DC stands for District of Columbia. It is called District of Columbia, because it was built on land of the Territory of Columbia, a 10 square mile piece of land, that used to be part of Virginia and Maryland. The territory of Columbia was named such after Christopher Columbus.

7. Jefferson’s Inaugural Address
Stressed the limited government
Support of states’ rights
Preservation of civil liberties
“Peace, commerce and friendship with all nations, and entangling alliances with none”
Jefferson rode his own horse to the inauguration to prove he was different.

8. Jeffersonian Democracy
Goals
-liberty
-equality
-strong local government
-reduce national debt
-agriculture based economy
-expand U.S. territory
-anti-war
Reality
-racist
-loose interpretation of Constitution
-regulated national economy
-led U.S. to brink of war

9. Events Leading to the Louisiana Purchase
1800 Spain gives France (Napoleon) back the Louisiana territory
1803-Napoleon loses interest in American empire
Spanish officials still in New Orleans – closed New Orleans to Americans
Jefferson feared the threat of an imperial power and possible trade restrictions on the Mississippi
Jefferson sends ministers to France to purchase New Orleans and West Florida – they ended up with the entire territory

10. Constitutional Question
No clause explicitly stated that a president could purchase foreign land
Jefferson submits the purchase agreement to Senate arguing the lands could be added to U.S. as an application of the Presidential power to make treaties

11. Lewis and Clark Expedition
Scientific exploration of the Louisiana Territory
Strengthened U.S. Claims to Oregon
Improved American Indian Relations
Developed maps for settlers and fur trappers

12. John Marshall Federalist appointed by Adams before leaving office
His decisions strengthen the role of the Supreme Court at the expense of state’s rights
Jefferson’s cousin

13. Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson wanted to block the appointment of “midnight judges” by Adams
Directed Madison to refuse to deliver the commission to William Marbury
Marbury sued – does not get his commission
Marshall Ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional
By ruling a law of Congress unconstitutional Marshall established the doctrine of “judicial review”
Supreme Court could now overrule actions of the other two branches – extended their power

14. Aaron Burr Not re-elected – plotted against
Jefferson with his party “Quids”
Federal Conspiracy
Burr planned to win governorship of New York and unite 5 New England states to form a Northern Confederacy
Burr was defeated in New York
conspiracy failed upon Burr’s defeat
Burr angered by Hamilton’s
remarks – they duel- Hamilton dies

15. Aaron Burr (cont.)
Burr leaves after Hamilton’s death goes to New Orleans
Burr conspires with Gen. Wilkinson – either to establish an independent republic or seizure of territory in Spanish America
Tried for treason – not guilty – ruined his career and reputation

16. Jefferson’s Second Term
Difficulties Abroad
Challenges to U.S. Neutrality
Britain and France regularly seize the ships of neutral nations and confiscate cargo – chief offender Britain
Britain is capturing American sailors and impressing (forcing) them to serve in British navy

17. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
British ship Leopard fired on U.S. ship Chesapeake
3 Americans killed; 4 others impressed into British navy
Anti-British sentiment HIGH

18. Embargo Act 1807
Reaction to French and British violations of neutrality
Prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port
Jefferson hoped British would stop violating the rights of neutral nations rather than lose U.S. trade
Embargo backfired – hurt U.S. economy
Jefferson wanted to avoid war and remain neutral like his predecessor

19. Jefferson’s Presidential Record
First Term
Reduced the size of federal government, repealed excise taxes, lowered the national debt by a third
Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the country
Second Term
Foreign affairs preoccupied Jefferson - Napoleonic wars -attempted to avoid a policy of either appeasement or war by the use of economic pressure –which was a failure
He reduced the size of the military and eliminated federal jobs

20. Non-Intercourse Act 1809 Jefferson repeals Embargo Act
U.S. ships can now trade with all nations except Britain and France
President can authorize trade with Britain or France when they cease violating neutrality rights

21. Jefferson leaves office – continues precedent set by Washington
James Madison will be his successor in the “Virginia dynasty”