1. English 10 Grammar & Writing #27 Mr. Rinka Research Paper 5 TOEFL Vocabulary Lists #22, 23, 24

2. Editing Research Paper Size 12 Font; Arial or Times New Roman Black Ink 1” margin all around Double-space entire paper Endorse properly Last Name+Page # right corner all pages Centered Title Cite according to MLA Guidelines

3. Editing Research Paper Indent all paragraphs Do not use 2 nd person pronoun = “you” No abbreviations or symbols No contractions Spell out numbers one – ten Punctuate quotes & citations properly Works Cited page according to MLA

4. Research Paper Rubric Format = 20 pts. Organization = 20 pts. Content = 20 pts. Writing = 20 pts. Grammar = 20 pts.

5. Format = 20 pts. Size 12 Font; Arial or Times New Roman Black Ink 1” margin all around Double-space entire paper Endorse properly Last Name + Page # right corner all pages Centered Title Cite according to MLA Guidelines Indent all paragraphs Works cited Page

6. Organization = 20 pts Intro paragraph with Thesis Statement 3 Prongs 3 Sub-prongs for each prong Transition paragraphs Concluding paragraph

7. Content = 20 pts. Prongs support Thesis Statement Sub-prongs support Prongs Supporting Details support Sub-prongs Facts are relevant and accurate

8. Writing = 20 pts. Structured Paragraphs Complete sentences Variety of Sentences Structures No 2nd person pronoun = “you” No abbreviations, symbols, contractions Numbers one – ten spelled out Appropriate word choice Written in writer’s own words

9. Grammar = 20 pts. Spelling Punctuation Verb Tense Subject – Verb Agreement Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement Correct word usage

10. “Stress is the single most deadly factor in the lives of modern Americans” (Mason Interview). Stress is the physical, emotional and psychological reaction to any factor in a person’s life. Stress disrupts all aspects of a person’s life, sleeping, eating, exercising, relaxing interacting and simply enjoying life. Stress can directly or indirectly cause many diseases from heart attacks and strokes to diabetes and depression (Stevens 5). For people who wants to understand this silent killer they need to know what causes stress, what effects stress has on people, and how can stress be alleviated.

11. Dr. Mason deals with the causes and effects of stress every day and states, “Stress is the single most deadly factor in the lives of modern Americans” (Mason Interview). Stress is the physical, emotional and psychological reaction to many factor in a person’s life. This silent killer disrupts all aspects of a our lives, eating, sleeping, exercising, relaxing Interacting with others and simply enjoying life. Stress can directly or indirectly cause many diseases from diabetes and depression to heart attacks and strokes to (Stevens 5). For people who want to lessen stress in their lives, they need to know what causes stress, what effects stress has on people, and how can stress be alleviated.

12. Research Paper Outline II Transitional Paragraph – 1 st Prong A. Topic Sentence with transitional words B. Mini thesis statement – sub-prongs Stress has many causes, and these causes are most prevalent in our modern society. Three of the most common causes of stress involve events that occur in our lives, our jobs and careers, and our lifestyles in general.

13. Major life events such as births, deaths, moves, marriages, divorces and any endings or beginnings can cause much major stress (Nelson 70). There are drastic changes that happen periodically in life that measure heavily on the stress scale (71). When family members or friends are seriously ill or have died, those close feel tremendous stress. Divorce, which is usually a highly charged emotional event also is a major stress producer (72). Even happy events can cause a great deal of stress. A birth of a child brings major changes into the parents’ lives and creates a lifelong stress (Henson 74). Marriage brings changes to many lives and stresses not only the bride and groom, but parents, family members and friends as well (75). Major life events can take a toll on our health just as our daily involvement in our jobs.

14. Major life events such as births, deaths, moves, marriages, divorces and all endings or beginnings can cause much major stress (Nelson 70). Some drastic changes happen periodically in life that measure heavily on the stress scale (71). When family members or friends are seriously ill or have died, those close feel tremendous stress. Divorce, usually a highly charged emotional event, can be a major stress producer (72). Even happy events can cause a great deal of stress. A birth of a child brings major changes into the parents’ lives and creates long term stress (Henson 74). Marriage brings changes to many lives and stresses not only the bride and groom, but parents, family members and friends as well (75). Major life events can take a toll on our health just as our daily involvement in our jobs.

15. Minor and major stresses are tied to jobs, job related activities and careers (Henson 76). Work with its demands of time and effort inherently causes stress on everyone’s life. The every day grind of work, overtime, and work related projects can stress us even when we are not at the work place (77). Technology promised to make work easier, but it has actually created more work and stress since work can now be performed from anywhere at anytime (78). People who work are also stressed by the prospects of unemployment. Fear of losing a job and the income needed to live can be a constant form of stress (Nelson 77). Even a promotion causes stress with change and new demands (78). Ironically, when away from work, we are still under stress caused by the way we live in a modern society.

16. Minor and major stresses are tied to jobs, job related and careers (Henson 76). Work demands the time and effort which cause stress on everyone’s life. The every day grind of work, overtime, and ongoing projects stress us even when we are not at the work place (77). Technology promised to make work easier, but it has actually created more work and stress because work can now be performed from anywhere at anytime (78). People who work are also stressed by the prospects of unemployment. Fear of losing a job and the income needed to live can be a constant form of stress (Nelson 77). Even a promotion causes stress with the change and new expectations that follow (78). Ironically, when away from work, we are still under stress caused by the way we live in a modern society.

17. Modern life styles add a great deal more stress to Americans’ lives. Working parents find less time for family, household, social activities (Stevens 87). Whether both parents work or a single parent struggles to get by, family responsibilities suffer, and this neglect weighs heavily on the parent (88). More stress is added when parents cannot find time for personal enjoyment (89). Additionally, “our consumer society adds greatly to financial stress and worry” (Mason Interview). When people are constantly bombarded with ads, they associate purchasing things with happiness; they always want more. The pursuit of more can lead to debt which in turn leads to long-term stress (Mason Interview). Along with life events and jobs, our modern lifestyle adds to stress with all its negative consequences.

18. Modern life styles add a great deal more stress to Americans’ lives. Working parents find less time for family, household, and social activities (Stevens 87). Whether both parents work or a single parent struggles to get by, family responsibilities suffer, and this neglect weighs heavily on the parent (88). Stress comes when parents cannot find time for personal enjoyment (89). Additionally, “our consumer society adds greatly to financial stress and worry” (Mason Interview). When people are constantly bombarded with ads, they associate things with happiness; they always want more. The pursuit of more can lead to debt which in turn leads to long-term stress (Mason Interview). Along with life events and jobs, our modern lifestyle adds to stress with all its negative consequences.

19. Research Paper Outline VI Transitional Paragraph – 2nd Prong A. Topic Sentence with transitional words B. Mini thesis statement – sub-prongs The effects stress has on our lives is far more harmful then one would imagine. Although hard to detect, stress negatively effects our physical health, psychological well-being and personal relationships.

20. Diaz 1 Juan Carlos Diaz Mr. Rinka English 10 May 1, 2011 Stress: Modern Life’s Silent Killer Dr. Mason deals with the causes and effects of stress every day and states, “Stress is the single most deadly factor in the lives of modern Americans” (Mason Interview). Stress is the physical, emotional and psychological reaction to many factor in a person’s life. Stress disrupts all aspects of a person’s life, sleeping, eating, exercising, relaxing interacting and simply enjoying life. Stress can directly or indirectly cause many diseases from heart attacks and strokes to diabetes and depression (Stevens 5). For people who wants to understand this silent killer they need to know what causes stress, Last name & Page# Endorsement Arial or Times New Roman font/size 12 Double-space Center the title 1” Margin Cite immediately after quotations. Cite at end of paragraph Thesis Statement

21. Diaz 2 what effects stress has on people, and how can stress be alleviated. Stress has many causes, and these causes are most prevalent in our modern society. Three of the most common causes of stress involve events that occur in our lives, our jobs and careers, and our lifestyles in general. Major life events such as births, deaths, moves, marriages, divorces and all endings or beginnings can cause much major stress (Nelson 70). Some drastic changes happen periodically in life that measure heavily on the stress scale (71). When family members or friends are seriously ill or have died, those close feel tremendous stress. Divorce, usually a highly charged emotional event, can be a major stress producer (72). Even happy events can cause a great deal of stress. A birth of a child brings major changes into the parents’ lives and creates long term stress (Henson 74). Marriage brings changes to many lives and stresses not only the bride and groom, but parents, family members and friends as well (75). Major life events can Transitional paragraph Topic Sentence for 1 st Sub-prong 1 st Supporting Detail 2 nd Supporting Detail Concluding Sentence

22. Diaz 3 take a toll on our health just as our daily involvement in our jobs. Minor and major stresses are tied to jobs, job related and careers (Henson 76). Work demands the time and effort which cause stress on everyone’s life. The every day grind of work, overtime, and ongoing projects stress us even when we are not at the work place (77). Technology promised to make work easier, but it has actually created more work and stress because work can now be performed from anywhere at anytime (78). People who work are also stressed by the prospects of unemployment. Fear of losing a job and the income needed to live can be a constant form of stress (Nelson 77). Even a promotion causes stress with the change and new expectations that follow (78). Ironically, when away from work, we are still under stress caused by the way we live in a modern society. Modern life styles add a great deal more stress to Americans’ lives. Working parents find less time for family, household, and social activities (Stevens 87). Whether both parents work or a single parent Topic Sentence for 2nd Sub-prong 1 st Supporting Detail 2nd Supporting Detail Concluding Sentence Topic Sentence 3 rd Sub-prong

23. Diaz 4 struggles to get by, family responsibilities suffer, and this neglect weighs heavily on the parent (88). Stress comes when parents cannot find time for personal enjoyment (89). Additionally, “our consumer society adds greatly to financial stress and worry” (Mason Interview). When people are constantly bombarded with ads, they associate things with happiness; they always want more. The pursuit of more can lead to debt which in turn leads to long-term stress (Mason Interview). Along with life events and jobs, our modern lifestyle adds to stress with all its negative consequences. The effects stress has on our lives is far more harmful then one would imagine. Although hard to detect, stress negatively effects our physical health, psychological well-being and personal relationships. 1 st Supporting Detail 2nd Supporting Detail Concluding Sentence Transitional Paragraph Prong 2

24. Diaz 9 Works Cited Henson, Robert. “Dealing with Stress in Our Lives.“ Modern Health June. 2010: 73-78. Mason, Dr. William. Personal interview. 24 May 2010. Nelson, Sarah. “Recognizing What Causes Stress and How to Deal with them." Journal of Health 85 (2008), 65-80. 7 April 2008 <http://www.journalofhealth.com/ Stevens, James. Stress: A Modern Plague. Chicago: McDouglas Publications, 2009. Last Name and Page# Centered title Double-Spaced Reverse Indentation MLA Correct Entries

25. Work Cited Henson, Robert. “Dealing with Stress in Our Lives.“ Modern Health June. 2010: 73-78. Mason, Dr. William. Personal interview. 24 May 2010. Nelson, Sarah. “Recognizing What Causes Stress and How to Deal with them." Journal of Health 85 (2008), 65-80. 7 April 2008 <http://www.journalofhealth.com/ Stevens, James. Stress: A Modern Plague. Chicago: McDouglas Publications, 2009.

26. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 The following is a list of vocabulary words that often appear on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) test. http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academi c/pau/course/webword.htm

27. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm content (noun, adjective): something contained, held; satisfied con (with) + tent (keep) I can't tell what the content of this can is until I open it.

28. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm tenacious (adjective): holding or sticking to something ten (to hold) + ac + ious (adj. relating to) Kareem is tenacious and he will stick with a subject until he understands it.

29. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm exterminate (verb): to kill off, to get rid of ex (out of) + term (end) + in (in) + ate (verb cause to be) The Schaeffer's hired a company to exterminate the cockroaches.

30. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm terminal (adjective): relating to an end term (end) + in (in place of) + al (adj. quality) Kim’s diagnosis of a terminal disease gives her only six months to live.

31. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm territory (noun): area of land territ (earth) + ory This area is considered to be Canadian territory.

32. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm terrain (noun): the physical features of an area terr (earth) + ain There is some very rough terrain in the White Mountain area of New Hampshire.

33. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm attest (verb): to provide proof, to say something is true at (to) + test (witness) Malcolm can attest to Shiela's honesty since he has known her for ten years.

34. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm testify (verb): to make a statement based on personal knowledge test (witness) + ify (verb. cause) The witness testified at the trial.

35. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm thermometer (noun) a device for measuring heat thermo (heat) + meter I took my temperature with a thermometer.

36. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm thermal (adjective): relating to the presence of heat therm (heat) + al (adj. relation) Lisa bought some thermal underwear to take with her when she goes skiing.

37. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm torment (noun, verb): agony, pain; to cause recurring pain tor (twist) + ment (noun. condition) The torment Jean's nightmares caused made him lose sleep. The guards tormented the prisoners.

38. TOEFL Vocabulary List #22 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm torsion (noun): twisting of a body or an organ by an external force tors (twist) + ion (noun. action) The torsion of the bolt will help release the wheel.

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40. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 The following is a list of vocabulary words that often appear on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) test. http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academi c/pau/course/webword.htm

41. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm contort (verb): to twist into an abnormal shape con (with) + tort (twist) The actor contorted her face into an evil grin and scared the audience.

42. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm attract (verb): to draw toward, to arouse interest at (to) + tract (pull) The spilled sugar attracted flies and ants.

43. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm train (verb): to teach or to cause to do something train (pull) Yvette trained her dog to perform tricks.

44. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm treaty (noun): a formal agreement treat (pull) + y (noun. condition) The rebels and the new government signed a treaty calling for peace.

45. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm unite (verb) to make one, to join together unite (one) The two small companies united and became one large business.

46. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm unison (noun): at the same time, at the same pitch uni (one) + son The two singers sang in unison.

47. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm vacant (adjective): empty, not occupied, free vac (empty) + ant (adj. indication) The hotel has only one vacant room left.

48. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm vacuum (noun): empty space, isolation from outside influence vacu (empty) + um Some people seem to live in a vacuum, and they have no knowledge of current events.

49. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm convene (verb): to assemble, to come together con (together) + vene (come) The meeting convened at 2:00 p.m. and lasted until 5:00 p.m.

50. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm invent (verb): to create through thought or imagination in (into) + vent (come) Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and other devices.

51. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm prevent (verb): to act ahead of, to keep from happening pre (before) + vent (come) Lamont prevented a distructive fire by calling the fire department the moment he smelled smoke.

52. TOEFL Vocabulary List #23 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm verify (verb): to confirm that something is true ver (true) + ify (verb. cause) The policeman verified Sam's identity by asking for his driver's license.

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54. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 The following is a list of vocabulary words that often appear on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) test. http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academi c/pau/course/webword.htm

55. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm veracity (noun): truthfulness, accuracy ver (true) + ac + ity (noun. quality) Daphne is known for her veracity and honesty.

56. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm verbalize (verb): to express in words, to put into words verb (word) + al (quality) + ize (verb. cause) Sometimes it is difficult to verbalize one's feelings.

57. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm verve (noun): enthusiasm verve (word) The cheerleaders showed verve and school spirit at the football game.

58. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm versatile (adjective): capable of changing or adapting, useful vers (change) + at (cause to be) + ile (adj. having the qualities) When used correctly, a computer can be a versatile tool.

59. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm revert (verb): to go back, to return (to an original state) re (back) + vert (change) The land slowly reverted to a wild state after it was abandoned.

60. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm video (noun): television or recorded movies vid (see) + eo Patricia rented a video and watched it on her television.

61. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm review (verb): to look at again, to reexamine re (again) + view (to see) Marsha reviewed for the test by re- reading her class notes.

62. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm visible (adjective): able to be seen vis (see) + ible (adj. ability) Sometimes the moon is visible during the day.

63. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm indivisible (adjective, noun): cannot be separated in (into) + di (not) + vis (see) + ible (adj. having the qualities) The Pledge of Allegiance states that the America is an indivisible nation.

64. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm vital (adjective): necessary for life vit (live) + al (adj. relation to) The cancer had not yet spread to her vital organs and she was given an excellent chance for a full recovery.

65. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm revive (verb): to return to life re (back) + vive (to live) After spending a day in the sun, I was revived by a glass of water.

66. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm vocal (adjective): uttered by the voice, producing sound voc (call) + al (adj. quality) Parrots are known to be very vocal birds.

67. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm revoke (verb): to call back, to withdraw re (back) + voke (call) Karl's license was revoked because he was caught driving 20 miles over the speed limit.

68. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm revolve (verb): to turn around re (again) + volve (turn) The earth revolves around the sun.

69. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm revolt (verb): to rebel, to turn against, to feel disgust re (back) + volt (turn) It was the peasants who revolted during the French Revolution. Cooked carrots revolt some people.

70. TOEFL Vocabulary List #24 http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm evolution (noun): the process by which something develops e (out of) + vol (turn) + ut + ion (noun. condition or action) Darwin and other scientists have developed theories of evolution.

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