1. Troubles at Home and Abroad Chapter 8 Section 1

2. Essential questions What were the conflicts with American Indians in the Northwest Territory? What was the French Revolution? How did Americans and Washington react to the French Revolution?

3. Overview of Chapter 8 1. Conflict with American Indians in NW Territory 2. French Revolution 3. Conflict with the British / Impressment Today’s Focus: Conflict with American Indians in NW Territory

4. What is foreign policy? A policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives. What was going on at the time? Expansion into American Indian occupied Northwest Territory FRENCH REVOLUTION

5. Conflict in the Northwest Territory Context: Settlers were moving into the Northwest Territory that had been won from the British as of 1783. The British had promised to leave, but a decade later, they were still there and supplying American Indians with firearms to harass settlers

6. Conflict in the Northwest Territory Americans viewed the settling of this territory as a necessary step in building America’s long term power The Government had purchased a lot of land in this area (Kentucky and Tennessee) from Native Americans in the past, but the N.A. in the Northwest Territory refused to sell.

7. Conflict in the Northwest Territory 1790s- Washington sent a military force to attack the American Indians who were attacking settlers Native Americans won the first two attempts at removal (Little Turtle of Miami and Blue Jacket of Shawnee) Third try: Washington sent Anthony Wayne, a Revolutionary War hero.

8. Conflict in the Northwest Territory Anthony Wayne led the third attack against the Native Americans Won the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August of 1794 This was the battle that broke the Native American hold on the Northwest Treaty of Grenville 1795 Native Americans lost their territory that is now most of the state of Ohio

9. What was the French Revolution? The French Revolution was the popular overthrow of the French King Louis XVI. Define the following phrases in groups: each group takes a color. From the social point of view, the Revolution consisted in the suppression of what was called the feudal system, in the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of life... The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity."

10. What was Washington’s Policy regarding the French Revolution Video Like most Federalists (Hamilton, Adams, etc), Washington wanted to stay free of foreign alliances especially regarding France. He did not want to anger Britain by siding with France. The French argued that their alliance was still valid. Washington disagreed, saying the alliance was made with the former King and therefore nullified when they killed him.

11. France declares war on Britain and several other European states, 1793 Included Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal, Dutch Republic France declared war on these European powers in an effort to UNITE THE FRENCH POPULATION Many French opposed the Revolution and new government. The new government thought a foreign war would unite the nation

12. How does America respond? France wants the US to join the French side, but US, under Washington wants to remain neutral US wants to continue trading with both French and British British and French both feared the US trading with their enemy Both sides began seizing American ships British begin Impressment: seizing the sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy

13. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN VIEW OF FRENCH REVOLUTION Republicans like Jefferson thought that the American Revolution and the French Revolution were one and the same cause. They thought liberty was a global cause, not exclusive to one nation’s independence. Again, we see Republicans side with the idea of liberty as it is represented within the revolutionary French state in contrast to the order that Great Britain represents. Video

14. FEDERALIST VIEW OF FRENCH REVOLUTION Tied to Federalist preference of Great Britain as a governing role model Federalists favored an alliance with Great Britain as the nation that was most likely to promote commerce and investment in the United States Federalists also believed that the government of Great Britain stood as a strong model of constitutional order, as opposed to what they saw as the radicalism of the French Revolution. Again, we see Federalists side with the idea of ORDER as it is represented within the state of Great Britain, as opposed to the unpredictability of France.

15. Seizing of American Ships British and French both seized American ships in an effort to stop the trading British began a policy of impressment Impressment- seizing the sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy Hamilton urged peace with Britain British purchased 75% of American exports, 90% American imports John Jay was sent to make a treaty with Britain to protect relations

16. The Jay Treaty The Jay Treaty with Britain 1795 US agreed to pay debts long owed to Britain Britain agreed to pay for the ships they seized Agreed to withdraw troops from Northwest Territory and stop aiding Native Americans Britain refused to: Stop impressing sailors Recognize US right to trade with France

17. Washington and his legacy of foreign policy Isolationism- a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, esp. the political affairs of other countries. “Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation… why… entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition? It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” - George Washington, Farewell Speech 1796

18. Washington’s achievements and legacy 1. Washington created a strong federal government with credibility and authority 2. The economy was improving due to Hamilton’s plan 3. Washington avoided foreign conflicts and wars AVOID ENTANGLING ALLIANCES ENTANGLING: cause to become twisted together with or caught in. How might alliances or conflicts be entangling? 4. The British had been forced to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory, an area that was now safe for settlement.