1. Phase Displacement Space Drive Interstellar Propulsion by Moacir L. Ferreira Jr. May 03, 2011

2. In expelling-mass propulsion, most of the energy goes away with propellants. Δv=v e ×ln(m i /m f ) There is a possibility of creating propulsion without expelling mass that doesn’t infringe Newton's third law (action-reaction) Even though electromagnetic waves have no mass, they still carry momentum. Probably, due to interaction with space, which is permeated by electric/magnetic fields.

3. Having two emitters A B, phased 0° 90°, and quarter-wave spaced (nλ+¼λ) Starting from A, wave will reach B in- phase 0° (repulsion) Starting from B, wave will reach A in- contra-phase 180° (attraction) Waves' momentum pulls A, pushes B, creating thrust force, A towards B.

8. Action-reaction is expected between space and waves, and between waves and emitters. Angular momentum probably is not conserved due to asymmetry (¼λ), converting into net thrust force. Directional antennas, facing each other, can be used to concentrate radiation. In this case, higher RF voltage is needed due to higher impedance between antennas. Even with heavy EM losses, it is expected to be comparatively more energy-efficient than expelling-mass propulsion.

9. To think: (0° 90°)(nλ+ ¼ λ) → (attraction) (repulsion ) (0° 90°)(nλ+ ¾ λ) → (repulsion ) (attraction) (0° 0°)(nλ ) → (repulsion ) (repulsion ) (0° 0°)(nλ+ ½ λ) → (attraction) (attraction) … (0° 60°)( ½ λ+ ⅙ λ) → (repulsion ) (attraction)

10. Alternatively, having an array of dipoles, spaced-apart (½λ+ ⅙λ), and feed by six phases, running as a multiphasic linear AC motor. Comparatively, it will consume more energy than the two directional antennas. However, it can perform more interaction with cosmic dusts and gases.

11. Fusion Energy Source

12. Fusion fuels: He-3, Li-6/7, deuterium, and B-11; available on moons, planets and asteroids. Multi-megavolt electrostatic generator (low charge/mass ratio). Neutralization at outputs (low power consumption). Fusion energy conversion directly into electricity by multistage ion collectors; and subsequently recycling byproducts.

13. Fusion Energy Source

14. Conclusion: All that is to reduce drastically dependence on propellants and also on rare fuels (uranium, plutonium, tritium, antimatter), making the interstellar travels technically feasible and economically affordable.

15. Thank You www.crossfirefusion.com/thruster