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Music Vocabulary
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Measure The space on the staff between two vertical lines. It is also called a bar.
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Bar lines Vertical lines on the staff which separate measures of music.
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Meter The fraction appearing at the beginning of the music or section indicating the mathematical organization of rhythm. It is also known as the time signature.
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Time Signature The fraction appearing at the beginning of the music or section indicating the mathematical organization of rhythm. It is also known as the meter.
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Whole step Two half steps
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Half step A Minor Second
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Dance The physical response to rhythm.
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Timbre Tone color
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Characteristics Unique attributes
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Style The way it is played
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Genre Special styles
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Strings Instruments using plucked or bowed strings to create the sound
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Brass Winds Instruments using a cup shaped mouthpiece
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Woodwinds Those originally made of wood or using a reed to create the sound
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Clef Symbol to indicate the tonal center
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Score The conductor’s copy of the music.
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Staff 5 lines and 4 spaces
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Expression Emotion portrayed in music
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Intonation The correct vibrations of a tone to match the established standard or that of another instrument
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Resonance Vibrations of an instrument’s sound creating the unique sound of that particular instrument
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Ledger Lines Short lines extending the staff upward or downward
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Vertical Music Music composed in a chordal manner in which most or all parts move together at the same time
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HorizontalMusic Music having independent lines weaving a fabric of sound.
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Second ending The short ending which will send musicians forward to a new melodic section.
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Repeat To play it again
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Fugue A melodic presentation using varied melodic and rhythmic alterations to present new interpretations of the melody.
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Fugetto A small or short section in a fugal style.
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First ending The short ending which will send musicians back to a particular place to repeat that section.
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Double Bar Two bars of different size indicating the end of a section or composition.
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Dal signo al fine` Return to the sign and play to the fine`
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Da capo al fine` Return to the beginning and play to the fine`
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Transposition To move the position of the tone to adjust for the length of the instrument
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Tessitura That part of the range used most often
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Range The extreme from lowest to highest tone for each instrument
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Key Signature Those sharps and/or flats which identify the tonal center. B flat C G
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Homophonic Movement in a chordal manner
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Counterpoint Independent movement of musical lines in correlation to each other
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Cannon The simple melodic repetition. It is also called a round.
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Brace Two or more staves joined with a bracket { } indicating a system of music.
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Slur A curved line which smoothly connects tones on different lines and/or spaces without attack.
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Tie A curved line connecting tones (adding their value) on the same line or space.
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Major Second Whole Step
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Minor Second Half Step
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Tutti The entire ensemble
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Music History The story of mankind’s music throughout time.
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Balance To achieve the aural perception of each instrument or section being of the same or equal volume without dominance by any one instrument or section.
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Blend To create an ensemble sound in which all instruments/sections collectively create one sound rather than individual sounds.
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Dynamics Various degrees of loudness and softness
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Forte (f ) Strong or full
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Piano (p) Soft
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Mezzo (m) Medium
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Mezzo Forte (mf) Medium full
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Mezzo piano (mp) Medium soft
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Fortissimo (ff) Very strong
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Fortississimo (fff) Very, very strong
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Pianissimo (pp) Very soft
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Pianississiom (ppp) Very, very soft
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Crescendo (cres.) To get louder
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Decrescendo (decres) To get softer
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Diminuendo (dim) To gradually get softer
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Baroque The historic period between 1600 and 1750 AD
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Medieval The historic period prior to 1400 AD
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Renaissance The historic period between the 15 th (1400 AD) and 17 th (1600AD) centuries.
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Rococo or Roccoco The French historic period between 1700 and 1799 AD (18 th Century)
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Classical The historic period between 1750 and 1820 AD
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Impressionist The historic period between 1870 and 1880
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Expressionist The historic period originating in Germany beginning in the 20 th Century.
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Experimental One type of music composed between 1950 and today.
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Jazz Jazz is a musical form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions.
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Fusion The mixing of diverse musical styles originating around 1980.
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Strophic Repeated melody for each verse
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Through composed No repetition of music for new lyrics
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Pulse Steady, ongoing emphasis of the count
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Diatonic Within the Key
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Consonant Interval Interval requiring no resolution (change)
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Dissonant Interval Interval requiring resolution (change)
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Dance The physical response to rhythm
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Variation Changing the melody, rhythm, or harmony of a composition.
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Instrumentation Those instruments used in the ensemble to perform the composition or concert.
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Concert A performance by a large ensemble of several compositions.
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Recital A performance by a soloist or small ensemble of several works. These compositions may be from the same or different historic periods.
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Interpretation The unique and individual manner in which a performer presents a musical composition.
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Voicing The manner in which instruments or voices may be arranged to present a composition.
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Variety Use, or inclusion, of new material or new treatments of previously presented melodies, harmonies, and/or rhythms. Variety creates and maintains the listener’s interest.
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Unity Repetition or restatements of previously presented material. Unity ties all the parts together.
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